A Framework and History for Score Linking

For two tests, a link between their scores is a transformation from a score on one to a score on the other. The scores being linked might be raw scores or scaled scores (Angoff, 1971). Linking transformations can be developed in a variety of ways that reflect the similarities and differences between the tests as well as the uses to which the links are to be put. Several frameworks have been suggested for organizing the variety of links that are used in practice. For example, see Flanagan (1951), Angoff (1971), Mislevy (1992), Linn (1993), Feuer, Holland, Green, Bertenthal, and