Limitations imposed by spatial hole burning on the single-frequency performance of unidirectional ring lasers

Residual spatial-hole-burning in a unidirectional ring laser can limit the maximum power available in a single-frequency. These effects have been modelled numerically and verified experimentally in Nd:YAG and Nd:YLF lasers. For convenience, an analytical expression for maximum single-frequency power has also been developed for use in designing ring lasers.