Data dissemination using the energy map

One of the most important resources in wireless sensor networks is energy, since, in general, batteries cannot be recharged. The information about the amount of energy available at each part of the network is called the energy map and can be explored by routing algorithms. In this work, a new routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks is proposed. The key idea is to combine concepts presented in trajectory-based forwarding with the information provided by the energy map to determine routes in a dynamic fashion. Simulation results revealed that the energy spent with routing activity can be concentrated on nodes with high energy reserves, whereas low-energy nodes can use their energy only to perform sensing activity. In this manner, partitions of the network due to nodes that ran out of energy can be significantly delayed and the network lifetime extended.

[1]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Residual energy scan for monitoring sensor networks , 2002, 2002 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Record. WCNC 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8609).

[2]  B. R. Badrinath,et al.  Prediction-based energy map for wireless sensor networks , 2003, Ad Hoc Networks.

[3]  M. Hestenes,et al.  Methods of conjugate gradients for solving linear systems , 1952 .

[4]  P. I. Somlo,et al.  Efficient procedures for fitting circles and ellipses with application to sliding termination measurements , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[5]  Charles L. Lawson,et al.  Solving least squares problems , 1976, Classics in applied mathematics.

[6]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Wireless sensor networks: a survey , 2002, Comput. Networks.

[7]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Residual Energy Scans for Monitoring Wireless Sensor Networks , 2002 .

[8]  Randy H. Katz,et al.  Next century challenges: mobile networking for “Smart Dust” , 1999, MobiCom.

[9]  Michael A. Saunders,et al.  Algorithm 583: LSQR: Sparse Linear Equations and Least Squares Problems , 1982, TOMS.

[10]  Ivan Stojmenovic,et al.  Progress Based Localized Power and Cost Aware Routing Algorithms for Ad Hoc and Sensor Wireless Networks , 2004, ADHOC-NOW.

[11]  J. Brian Gray,et al.  Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis , 2002, Technometrics.

[12]  B. R. Badrinath,et al.  Trajectory based forwarding and its applications , 2003, MobiCom '03.

[13]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Highly-resilient, energy-efficient multipath routing in wireless sensor networks , 2001, MOCO.

[14]  M. Berman.  Estimating the Parameters of a Circle When Angular Differences are Known , 1983 .

[15]  Satish Kumar,et al.  Next century challenges: scalable coordination in sensor networks , 1999, MobiCom.

[16]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.