Using bidimensional regression to assess face similarity

Face recognition is the identification of humans by the unique characteristics of their faces and forms the basis for many biometric systems. In this research the problem of feature-based face recognition is considered. Bidimensional regression (BDR) is an extension of standard regression to 2D variables. Bidimensional regression can be used to determine the degree of resemblance between two planar configurations of points and for assessing the nature of their geometry. A primary advantage of this approach is that no training is needed. The goal of this research is to explore the suitability of BDR for 2D matching. Specifically, we explore if bidimensional regression can be used as a basis for a similarity measure to compare faces. The approach is tested using standard datasets. The results show that BDR can be effective in recognizing faces and hence can be used as an effective 2D matching technique.

[1]  Shaoyan Zhang,et al.  Face recognition with support vector machine , 2003, IEEE International Conference on Robotics, Intelligent Systems and Signal Processing, 2003. Proceedings. 2003.

[2]  Witold Pedrycz,et al.  Face recognition: A study in information fusion using fuzzy integral , 2005, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[3]  Elena Casiraghi,et al.  A Face Detection System Based on Color and Support Vector Machines , 2003, WIRN.

[4]  Ashok Samal,et al.  Automatic recognition and analysis of human faces and facial expressions: a survey , 1992, Pattern Recognit..

[5]  L. D. Harmon,et al.  Identification of human faces , 1971 .

[6]  A. Friedman,et al.  Bidimensional regression: assessing the configural similarity and accuracy of cognitive maps and other two-dimensional data sets. , 2003, Psychological methods.

[7]  C. Cacou Anthropometry of the head and face , 1995 .

[8]  Rama Chellappa,et al.  Discriminant Analysis for Recognition of Human Face Images (Invited Paper) , 1997, AVBPA.

[9]  Rama Chellappa,et al.  Human and machine recognition of faces: a survey , 1995, Proc. IEEE.

[10]  Norbert Krüger,et al.  Face recognition by elastic bunch graph matching , 1997, Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing.

[11]  Elena Casiraghi,et al.  Detection of Facial Features , 2002, WIRN.

[12]  P. Jonathon Phillips,et al.  Face recognition vendor test 2002 , 2003, 2003 IEEE International SOI Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.03CH37443).

[13]  Roberto Brunelli,et al.  Face Recognition: Features Versus Templates , 1993, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[14]  Penio S. Penev,et al.  Local feature analysis: A general statistical theory for object representation , 1996 .

[15]  Paola Campadelli,et al.  A Face Recognition System Based on Local Feature Analysis , 2003, AVBPA.

[16]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Face modeling for recognition , 2001, Proceedings 2001 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.01CH37205).

[17]  Timothy F. Cootes,et al.  Active Appearance Models , 2001, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[18]  Sun-Yuan Kung,et al.  Face recognition/detection by probabilistic decision-based neural network , 1997, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks.

[19]  Hartmut Neven,et al.  The Bochum/USC Face Recognition System And How it Fared in the FERET Phase III Test , 1998 .

[20]  Nicholas Costen,et al.  How Should We RepresentFaces for Automatic Recognition? , 1999, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[21]  Paola Campadelli,et al.  Automatic features detection for overlapping face images on their 3D range models , 2001, Proceedings 11th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing.

[22]  Hyeonjoon Moon,et al.  The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms , 2000, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[23]  Seong G. Kong,et al.  Recent advances in visual and infrared face recognition - a review , 2005, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[24]  Timothy F. Cootes,et al.  Face Recognition Using Active Appearance Models , 1998, ECCV.

[25]  Fabrizio Smeraldi,et al.  Retinal vision applied to facial features detection and face authentication , 2002, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[26]  Alex Pentland,et al.  Face recognition using eigenfaces , 1991, Proceedings. 1991 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[27]  Azriel Rosenfeld,et al.  Face recognition: A literature survey , 2003, CSUR.

[28]  Timothy F. Cootes,et al.  Automatic face identification system using flexible appearance models , 1995, Image Vis. Comput..

[29]  P. Phillips,et al.  1 FACE RECOGNITION VENDOR TEST 2002 : EVALUATION REPORT , 2003 .

[30]  Waldo Tobler Comparing figures by regression , 1978, SIGGRAPH '78.

[31]  Rama Chellappa,et al.  Discriminant analysis of principal components for face recognition , 1998, Proceedings Third IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition.

[32]  Norbert Krüger,et al.  Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching , 1997, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[33]  M. Bichsel Strategies of robust object recognition for the automatic identification of human faces , 1991 .

[34]  Lawrence Sirovich,et al.  Application of the Karhunen-Loeve Procedure for the Characterization of Human Faces , 1990, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[35]  Zhiwei Zhu,et al.  Robust real-time eye detection and tracking under variable lighting conditions and various face orientations , 2005, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[36]  Sun-Yuan Kung,et al.  Decision-based neural networks with signal/image classification applications , 1995, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks.

[37]  Paola Campadelli,et al.  A feature-based face recognition system , 2003, 12th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, 2003.Proceedings..

[38]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  Picture Processing System by Computer Complex and Recognition of Human Faces , 1974 .

[39]  Francis Galton,et al.  Personal Identification and Description , 2022, Nature.