Voice interaction on TV: analysis of natural language interaction models and recommendations for voice user interfaces

The goal of this study was to perform an evaluation of a set of voice interaction models (supported by a hands-free solution activated by a wake-up word, a mobile app and a TV remote control with microphone) to identify the most appropriate solution for interactive television. The research addressed issues associated with natural language systems such as usability, interaction and privacy perception, and aimed to analyze the strengths and limitations of the voice interaction models. On a first evaluation approach, a prototype based on a Wizard-of-Oz methodology was used, while a second approach was based on a functional prototype. The preferred interaction model was the hands-free solution activated by a wake-up word because it was easy to use and raised the least difficulties in any task execution. Despite this result, the other two models are not disregarded for a future voice interaction system in television. The TV remote control was the most natural way of interaction for the study’s participants. The need for control provided by the remote and by the app makes the participants feel like these grant more privacy. Participants considered that a voice-operated system for TV would be very useful and almost all were receptive to having such a system at home. Lastly, based on commercial standards and guidelines, solutions to issues identified by participants in the visual interface of the TV system were proposed and considered for the next phase of prototype development, also benefiting other researches in the field.