Anti-collusion data auction mechanism based on smart contract

Abstract Due to the uncertainty of the value of big data, it is difficult to directly give a reasonable price for big data. Auction is an effective method of distributing goods to the bidder with the highest valuation. Hence, the use of auction strategy can not only guarantee the interests of data sellers, but also conform to market principles. However, existing data auction mechanisms are centralized. It is hard to build trust among sellers, buyers and auctioneers. An open and anonymous online environment may cause entities involved in data auctions to collude to manipulate the results of data auctions. This will cause the price of auction data to fail to reach a fair and truthful level. Therefore, the first anti-collusion data auction mechanism based on smart contract is proposed. Through a well-designed anti-collusion data auction algorithm, mutual distrust and rational buyers and sellers safely participate in the data auction without a trusted third party. The data auction mechanism designed in the smart contract can effectively prevent collusion and realize the fairness and truthfulness of data auction. The webpack in the Truffle Boxes is used to implement the data auction mechanism, and the anti-collusion property of the mechanism has been verified. The source code of the smart contract has been uploaded to GitHub.

[1]  Khaled Salah,et al.  Blockchain for 5G: Opportunities and Challenges , 2019, 2019 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps).

[2]  William Vickrey,et al.  Counterspeculation, Auctions, And Competitive Sealed Tenders , 1961 .

[3]  Roger B. Myerson,et al.  Optimal Auction Design , 1981, Math. Oper. Res..

[4]  Khaled Salah,et al.  Proof of Delivery of Digital Assets Using Blockchain and Smart Contracts , 2018, IEEE Access.

[5]  Khaled Salah,et al.  A User Authentication Scheme of IoT Devices using Blockchain-Enabled Fog Nodes , 2018, 2018 IEEE/ACS 15th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA).

[6]  Thomas H. Noe,et al.  Collusion in Uniform-Price Auctions: Experimental Evidence and Implications for Treasury Auctions , 1996 .

[7]  Amr M. Youssef,et al.  Lelantos: A Blockchain-Based Anonymous Physical Delivery System , 2017, 2017 15th Annual Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST).

[8]  Andrew V. Goldberg,et al.  Competitiveness via consensus , 2003, SODA '03.

[9]  Andrew Lippman,et al.  MedRec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data Access and Permission Management , 2016, 2016 2nd International Conference on Open and Big Data (OBD).

[10]  R. McAfee,et al.  Auctions and Bidding , 1986 .

[11]  Khaled Salah,et al.  Combating Deepfake Videos Using Blockchain and Smart Contracts , 2019, IEEE Access.

[12]  K. J. Ray Liu,et al.  Data Trading With Multiple Owners, Collectors, and Users: An Iterative Auction Mechanism , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Signal and Information Processing over Networks.

[13]  Xiaohua Jia,et al.  THEMIS: Collusion-Resistant and Fair Pricing Spectrum Auction Under Dynamic Supply , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[14]  Yanjiao Chen,et al.  CReam: A Smart Contract Enabled Collusion-Resistant e-Auction , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security.

[15]  Sergei Tikhomirov,et al.  SmartCheck: Static Analysis of Ethereum Smart Contracts , 2018, 2018 IEEE/ACM 1st International Workshop on Emerging Trends in Software Engineering for Blockchain (WETSEB).

[16]  Jin Peng,et al.  Pricing and effort decisions for a supply chain with uncertain information , 2017, Int. J. Prod. Res..

[17]  Chao Lu,et al.  Privacy-Preserving Auction for Big Data Trading Using Homomorphic Encryption , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering.

[18]  Amany M. Sarhan,et al.  A Bidder Strategy System for Online Auctions Trust Measurement , 2014, Int. J. Strateg. Inf. Technol. Appl..

[19]  Yeon-Koo Che,et al.  Robustly Collusion-Proof Implementation , 2006 .

[20]  Philip C. Treleaven,et al.  Blockchain Technology in Finance , 2017, Computer.

[21]  Khaled Salah,et al.  Blockchain-Based Proof of Delivery of Physical Assets With Single and Multiple Transporters , 2018, IEEE Access.

[22]  Yang Zhang,et al.  Towards truthful auction for big data trading , 2017, 2017 IEEE 36th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC).

[23]  Qingju Wang,et al.  When Intrusion Detection Meets Blockchain Technology: A Review , 2018, IEEE Access.

[24]  Raylin Tso,et al.  Distributed E-Voting and E-Bidding Systems Based on Smart Contract , 2019, Electronics.

[25]  Khaled Salah,et al.  IoT security: Review, blockchain solutions, and open challenges , 2017, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[26]  M. Albert.  E-Buyer Beware: Why Online Auction Fraud Should Be Regulated , 2002 .

[27]  Dusit Niyato,et al.  Profit Maximization Auction and Data Management in Big Data Markets , 2017, 2017 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[28]  Xiaojiang Du,et al.  Machine learning based privacy-preserving fair data trading in big data market , 2019, Inf. Sci..

[29]  Jyun-Cheng Wang,et al.  Recommending trusted online auction sellers using social network analysis , 2008, Expert Syst. Appl..

[30]  Yeon-Koo Che,et al.  Optimal collusion-proof auctions , 2009, J. Econ. Theory.

[31]  Khaled Salah,et al.  Blockchain for AI: Review and Open Research Challenges , 2019, IEEE Access.

[32]  Feng Tian,et al.  A supply chain traceability system for food safety based on HACCP, blockchain & Internet of things , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management.