Gender and duration of untreated psychosis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Aim: Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) can influence the prognosis of schizophrenia. Previous studies have suggested that gender may influence the length of DUP. This study reports the result of the first systematic literature review and meta‐analysis on the role of gender in influencing DUP in first‐episode psychosis.

[1]  Peter B. Jones,et al.  Cross-national clinical and functional remission rates: Worldwide Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (W-SOHO) study , 2011, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[2]  J. Moncrieff Questioning the ‘neuroprotective’ hypothesis: does drug treatment prevent brain damage in early psychosis or schizophrenia? , 2011, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[3]  M. Lepage,et al.  Duration of untreated psychosis is associated with orbital–frontal grey matter volume reductions in first episode psychosis , 2011, Schizophrenia Research.

[4]  D. Malaspina,et al.  Age, sex and first treatment of schizophrenia in a population cohort. , 2011, Journal of psychiatric research.

[5]  A. Preti,et al.  Cost-effectiveness of treating first-episode psychosis : five-year follow-up results from an Italian early intervention programmeeip , 2011 .

[6]  Peter B. Jones,et al.  Association between duration of untreated psychosis and brain morphology in schizophrenia within the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort , 2010, Schizophrenia Research.

[7]  A. Preti,et al.  Randomized-controlled trials in people at ultra high risk of psychosis: A review of treatment effectiveness , 2010, Schizophrenia Research.

[8]  R. Murray,et al.  Family context and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP): Results from the Sao Paulo Study , 2010, Schizophrenia Research.

[9]  Michio Suzuki,et al.  Clinical and social determinants of a longer duration of untreated psychosis of schizophrenia in a Japanese population , 2010, Early intervention in psychiatry.

[10]  T. van Amelsvoort,et al.  Age of Onset of Cannabis Use is Associated with Age of Onset of High-Risk Symptoms for Psychosis , 2010, Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.

[11]  A. Mackinnon,et al.  Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids for indicated prevention of psychotic disorders: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. , 2010, Archives of general psychiatry.

[12]  Sajjad Hussain,et al.  Pathways to Care: Duration of Untreated Psychosis from Karachi, Pakistan , 2009, PloS one.

[13]  F. Larøi,et al.  Clinical staging: a new scenario for the treatment of psychosis , 2009, The Lancet.

[14]  I. Hickie,et al.  Intervention in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: a review and future directions. , 2009, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[15]  G. Sugranyes,et al.  Cannabis use and age of diagnosis of schizophrenia , 2009, European Psychiatry.

[16]  Daniel Eisenberg,et al.  Stigma and Help Seeking for Mental Health Among College Students , 2009, Medical care research and review : MCRR.

[17]  M. Lambert,et al.  Gender differences in premorbid, entry, treatment, and outcome characteristics in a treated epidemiological sample of 661 patients with first episode psychosis , 2008, Schizophrenia Research.

[18]  H. Nandhra,et al.  Early intervention in psychosis: a retrospective analysis of clinical and social factors influencing duration of untreated psychosis. , 2009, Primary care companion to the Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[19]  A. Preti,et al.  Programma 2000: Celebrating 10 Years of Activity of an Italian Pilot Programme on Early Intervention in Psychosis , 2008, The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry.

[20]  M. Large,et al.  Measurement and reporting of the duration of untreated psychosis , 2008, Early intervention in psychiatry.

[21]  G. Strauss,et al.  Sex differences in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders: a 20-year longitudinal study of psychosis and recovery. , 2008, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[22]  J. McGrath,et al.  Schizophrenia: a concise overview of incidence, prevalence, and mortality. , 2008, Epidemiologic reviews.

[23]  M. Large,et al.  Relationship between gross domestic product and duration of untreated psychosis in low- and middle-income countries , 2008, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[24]  M. Lambert,et al.  Impact of duration of untreated psychosis on pre-treatment, baseline, and outcome characteristics in an epidemiological first-episode psychosis cohort. , 2008, Journal of psychiatric research.

[25]  E. Vieta,et al.  Impact of cannabis and other drugs on age at onset of psychosis. , 2008, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[26]  Dan J Stein,et al.  Toward a Global View of Alcohol, Tobacco, Cannabis, and Cocaine Use: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys , 2008, PLoS medicine.

[27]  B. Rosenbaum,et al.  Gender differences in first episode psychosis , 2008, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.

[28]  J. Waddington,et al.  Is the duration of untreated psychosis temporally stable? , 2008, European Psychiatry.

[29]  M. Large,et al.  Gender differences in the duration of untreated psychosis. , 2008, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[30]  A. Jablensky,et al.  Do Women Express and Experience Psychosis Differently from Men? Epidemiological Evidence from the Australian National Study of Low Prevalence (Psychotic) Disorders , 2008, The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry.

[31]  Swaran P. Singh,et al.  Outcome measures in early psychosis , 2007, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[32]  P. McGorry Issues for DSM-V: clinical staging: a heuristic pathway to valid nosology and safer, more effective treatment in psychiatry. , 2007, The American journal of psychiatry.

[33]  G. Krarup,et al.  Gender Differences in Young Adults With First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders at Baseline in the Danish OPUS Study , 2007, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[34]  A. Yung,et al.  Association between psychotic experiences and depression in a clinical sample over 6 months , 2007, Schizophrenia Research.

[35]  R. Sévigny,et al.  Help-seeking Behaviors of Chinese Patients with Schizophrenia Admitted to a Psychiatric Hospital , 2007, Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research.

[36]  J. O. Johannessen,et al.  Substance abuse in first-episode non-affective psychosis , 2006, Schizophrenia Research.

[37]  R. Murray,et al.  Clinical and social determinants of duration of untreated psychosis in the AESOP first-episode psychosis study. , 2006, The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science.

[38]  D. Wiersma,et al.  Treatment delay and response rate in first episode psychosis , 2006, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[39]  Robin M. Murray,et al.  Gray matter abnormalities associated with duration of untreated psychosis , 2006, Schizophrenia Research.

[40]  S. Singh,et al.  Measuring pathways to care in first-episode psychosis: A systematic review , 2006, Schizophrenia Research.

[41]  S. Chong,et al.  Clinical and social correlates of duration of untreated psychosis in first-episode psychosis patients. , 2006, Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore.

[42]  J. Lieberman,et al.  Relationship between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia: a critical review and meta-analysis. , 2005, The American journal of psychiatry.

[43]  Peter B. Jones,et al.  Association between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in cohorts of first-episode patients: a systematic review. , 2005, Archives of general psychiatry.

[44]  M. Lambert,et al.  The impact of substance use disorders on clinical outcome in 643 patients with first‐episode psychosis , 2005, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[45]  Y. Chan,et al.  Determinants of Duration of Untreated Psychosis and the Pathway to Care in Singapore , 2005, The International journal of social psychiatry.

[46]  R. Emsley,et al.  Duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in first‐episode psychosis. Perspective from a developing country , 2005, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[47]  F. Cheater,et al.  Men and health help-seeking behaviour: literature review. , 2005, Journal of advanced nursing.

[48]  J. Suvisaari,et al.  Mortality among patients with schizophrenia and reduced psychiatric hospital care , 2005, Psychological Medicine.

[49]  W. Heiden,et al.  When and how does schizophrenia produce social deficits? , 2005, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience.

[50]  A. Gagnon,et al.  Influence of diagnostic classification on gender ratio in schizophrenia , 2004, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.

[51]  D. Linszen,et al.  Opinions of mothers on the first psychotic episode and the start of treatment of their child , 2004, European Psychiatry.

[52]  N. Turan,et al.  Duration of untreated psychosis may predict acute treatment response in first-episode schizophrenia. , 2004, Journal of psychiatric research.

[53]  D. Altman,et al.  Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses , 2003, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[54]  D. Castle,et al.  A Statewide Evaluation System for Early Psychosis , 2003, The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry.

[55]  J. Lieberman,et al.  Predictors of antipsychotic treatment response in patients with first episode schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and schizophreniform disorders , 2003, Schizophrenia Research.

[56]  R. Pioli,et al.  Clinical variables related to suicide attempts in schizophrenic patients: a retrospective study , 2003, Schizophrenia Research.

[57]  H. Nicolini,et al.  [Premorbid functioning by gender and its relationship with duration of untreated psychosis in first psychotic episode]. , 2003, Actas espanolas de psiquiatria.

[58]  M. Birchwood,et al.  Duration of untreated psychosis and pathways to care in first-episode psychosis. Investigation of help-seeking behaviour in primary care. , 2010, The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement.

[59]  A. Malla,et al.  Negative symptoms in first episode non‐affective psychosis , 2002, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[60]  A. Malla,et al.  One year outcome in first episode psychosis: influence of DUP and other predictors , 2002, Schizophrenia Research.

[61]  D. Subbakrishna,et al.  Age‐at‐onset and schizophrenia: reversed gender effect , 2002, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[62]  V. Lehtinen,et al.  Mental disorders and cause-specific mortality , 2001, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[63]  J. O. Johannessen,et al.  Shortened duration of untreated first episode of psychosis: changes in patient characteristics at treatment. , 2001, The American journal of psychiatry.

[64]  M. Seeman,et al.  Duration of Pretreatment Phases in Schizophrenia: Women and Men , 2000, Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.

[65]  N C Andreasen,et al.  Untreated initial psychosis: its relation to quality of life and symptom remission in first-episode schizophrenia. , 2000, The American journal of psychiatry.

[66]  R. Tweedie,et al.  A Nonparametric “Trim and Fill” Method of Accounting for Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis , 2000 .

[67]  P. Chue,et al.  Sex differences in schizophrenia, a review of the literature. , 2000, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[68]  P. McGorry,et al.  Enduring negative symptoms in first-episode psychosis: comparison of six methods using follow-up data , 1999, Schizophrenia Research.

[69]  J. Os,et al.  Prediction of duration of psychosis before first admission , 1998, European Psychiatry.

[70]  D. Subbakrishna,et al.  Sex difference in age at onset of schizophrenia: discrepant findings from India , 1998, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[71]  G. Smith,et al.  Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test , 1997, BMJ.

[72]  T. McGlashan,et al.  First-episode schizophrenia: I. Early course parameters. , 1996, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[73]  M. Leboyer,et al.  Gender and age at onset in schizophrenia: impact of family history. , 1995, The American journal of psychiatry.

[74]  W. Iacono,et al.  Establishing the onset of psychotic illness. , 1993, The American journal of psychiatry.

[75]  J. Lieberman,et al.  Duration of psychosis and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia. , 1992, The American journal of psychiatry.

[76]  J. Sweeney,et al.  Premorbid and onset features of first-episode schizophrenia. , 1992, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[77]  M. Keshavan,et al.  First-episode studies in schizophrenia: criteria and characterization. , 1992, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[78]  O. Gureje Gender and schizophrenia: age at onset and sociodemographic attributes , 1991, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[79]  N. Laird,et al.  Meta-analysis in clinical trials. , 1986, Controlled clinical trials.

[80]  A. Loranger Sex difference in age at onset of schizophrenia. , 1984, Archives of general psychiatry.

[81]  R. Rosenthal Meta-analytic procedures for social research , 1984 .

[82]  R L Brown,et al.  Sex differences in psychiatric help-seeking: evidence from four large-scale surveys. , 1981, Journal of health and social behavior.

[83]  R. Rosenthal The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results , 1979 .