Energy level tuning of TPB-based hole-transporting materials for highly efficient perovskite solar cells.

Two TPB-based HTMs were synthesized and their energy levels were tuned to match with perovskite by introducing electron-donating groups asymmetrically. The TPBC based doping-free perovskite solar cell afforded an impressive PCE of 13.10% under AM 1.5G illumination, which is the first case of an effective device with TPB-based doping-free HTMs.

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