Sensitivity enhanced biosensor using graphene-based one-dimensional photonic crystal

a b s t r a c t In this paper, we propose and analytically demonstrate a biosensor configuration based on the excitation of surface electromagnetic waves in a graphene-based one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC). The proposed graphene-based 1D photonic crystal consists of alternating layers of high (graphene) and low (PMMA) refractive index materials, which gives a narrow angular reflectivity resonance and high surface fields due to low loss in PC. A differential phase-sensitive method has been used to calculate the sensitivity of the configuration. Our results show that the sensitivity of the proposed configuration is 14.8 times higher compared to those of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors using gold thin films. This novel and effective graphene-based 1D PC will serve as a promising replacement of metallic thin film as a sensor head for future biosensing applications.

[1]  H. Benisty.  Graphene nanoribbons: Photonic crystal waveguide analogy and minigap stripes , 2009 .

[2]  M. Dresselhaus,et al.  Second-order overtone and combination Raman modes of graphene layers in the range of 1690-2150 cm(-1). , 2011, ACS nano.

[3]  W. Robertson,et al.  Surface plasmon-like sensor based on surface electromagnetic waves in a photonic band-gap material , 2005 .

[4]  M. Soljavci'c,et al.  Plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies , 2009, 0910.2549.

[5]  J. Homola.  Present and future of surface plasmon resonance biosensors , 2003, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[6]  W. Robertson.  Experimental measurement of the effect of termination on surface electromagnetic waves in one-dimensional photonic bandgap arrays , 1999 .

[7]  N. Peres,et al.  Fine Structure Constant Defines Visual Transparency of Graphene , 2008, Science.

[8]  A. Ferrari,et al.  Graphene Photonics and Optoelectroncs , 2010, CLEO 2012.

[9]  Weijing Kong,et al.  Nearly three orders of magnitude enhancement of Goos-Hanchen shift by exciting Bloch surface wave. , 2012, Optics express.

[10]  K. V. Sreekanth,et al.  Excitation of surface electromagnetic waves in a graphene-based Bragg grating , 2012, Scientific Reports.

[11]  K. V. Sreekanth,et al.  Surface plasmon enhancement in gold nanoparticles in the presence of an optical gain medium: an analysis , 2011 .

[12]  K. V. Sreekanth,et al.  Gap modes assisted enhanced broadband light absorption in plasmonic thin film solar cell , 2011 .

[13]  Dye assisted enhanced transmission in near field optical lithography , 2010 .

[14]  Rui Hu,et al.  Size dependence of Au NP-enhanced surface plasmon resonance based on differential phase measurement , 2013 .

[15]  H. Chu,et al.  Highly sensitive graphene biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance. , 2010, Optics express.

[16]  L. E. Regalado,et al.  Photonic crystal sensor based on surface waves for thin-film characterization. , 2002, Optics letters.

[17]  Rajan Jha,et al.  Chalcogenide prism and graphene multilayer based surface plasmon resonance affinity biosensor for high performance , 2012 .

[18]  Stefano Borini,et al.  Optical constants of graphene layers in the visible range , 2009 .

[19]  R. Kezerashvili,et al.  Graphene-based one-dimensional photonic crystal , 2011, Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal.

[20]  J. Khurgin,et al.  Reflecting upon the losses in plasmonics and metamaterials , 2012 .

[21]  K. Yong,et al.  A Review on Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Biosensing Applications , 2011 .

[22]  B. D. Gupta,et al.  Sensitivity enhancement of a surface plasmon resonance based biomolecules sensor using graphene and silicon layers , 2011 .

[23]  F. Xia,et al.  Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks. , 2012, Nature nanotechnology.

[24]  Young L. Kim,et al.  Graphene-on-silver Substrates for Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Biosensors References and Links , 2022 .

[25]  W. Robertson,et al.  Surface electromagnetic wave excitation on one-dimensional photonic band-gap arrays , 1999 .

[26]  Kyujung Kim,et al.  Thin-film-based sensitivity enhancement for total internal reflection fluorescence live-cell imaging. , 2007, Optics letters.

[27]  P. Halevi,et al.  Propagation constant — limited surface modes in dielectric superlattices☆ , 1996 .

[28]  H. G. Jerrard,et al.  Handbook of optical constant of solids: Edited by E.D. Palik Academic Press, 1985, pp xviii + 804, £110, $110 , 1986 .

[29]  Chinlon Lin,et al.  Highly sensitive differential phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on the Mach-Zehnder configuration. , 2004, Optics letters.

[30]  Jianyi Lin,et al.  Ultrafast electron-optical phonon scattering and quasiparticle lifetime in CVD-grown graphene. , 2011, ACS nano.