Inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate dependent oxygenases.

2-Oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent oxygenases are ubiquitous iron enzymes that couple substrate oxidation to the conversion of 2OG to succinate and carbon dioxide. In humans their roles include collagen biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, DNA repair, RNA and chromatin modifications, and hypoxic sensing. Commercial applications of 2OG oxygenase inhibitors began with plant growth retardants, and now extend to a clinically used pharmaceutical compound for cardioprotection. Several 2OG oxygenases are now being targeted for therapeutic intervention for diseases including anaemia, inflammation and cancer. In this critical review, we describe studies on the inhibition of 2OG oxygenases, focusing on small molecules, and discuss the potential of 2OG oxygenases as therapeutic targets (295 references).

[1]  C. Schofield,et al.  Physiological and biochemical aspects of hydroxylations and demethylations catalyzed by human 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases. , 2011, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[2]  F. von Delft,et al.  Structural and mechanistic studies on γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. , 2010, Chemistry & biology.

[3]  C. Schofield,et al.  Structural studies on human 2-oxoglutarate dependent oxygenases. , 2010, Current opinion in structural biology.

[4]  Melinda M. Mulvihill,et al.  Consequences of IkappaB alpha hydroxylation by the factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) , 2010, FEBS letters.

[5]  A. Jadhav,et al.  Quantitative High-Throughput Screening Identifies 8-Hydroxyquinolines as Cell-Active Histone Demethylase Inhibitors , 2010, PloS one.

[6]  T. Pan,et al.  The AlkB domain of mammalian ABH8 catalyzes hydroxylation of 5-methoxycarbonylmethyluridine at the wobble position of tRNA. , 2010, Angewandte Chemie.

[7]  Roger D. Cox,et al.  Overexpression of Fto leads to increased food intake and results in obesity , 2010, Nature Genetics.

[8]  Christopher J. Schofield,et al.  Hypoxia-dependent sequestration of an oxygen sensor by a widespread structural motif can shape the hypoxic response - a predictive kinetic model , 2010, BMC Systems Biology.

[9]  A. Conejo-García,et al.  Structural basis for binding of cyclic 2-oxoglutarate analogues to factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor. , 2010, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

[10]  C. Krebs,et al.  Evidence for the slow reaction of hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 2 with oxygen , 2010, The FEBS journal.

[11]  U. Oppermann,et al.  Development of homogeneous luminescence assays for histone demethylase catalysis and binding. , 2010, Analytical biochemistry.

[12]  S. Su,et al.  IDH mutations in glioma and acute myeloid leukemia. , 2010, Trends in molecular medicine.

[13]  E. Liepinsh,et al.  Mildronate exerts acute anticonvulsant and antihypnotic effects , 2010, Behavioural pharmacology.

[14]  Yi Zhang,et al.  Role of Tet proteins in 5mC to 5hmC conversion, ES-cell self-renewal and inner cell mass specification , 2010, Nature.

[15]  O. Nureki,et al.  Expanding Role of the Jumonji C Domain as an RNA Hydroxylase* , 2010, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[16]  J. Hale,et al.  Prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein inhibitors as stabilizers of hypoxia-inducible factor: small molecule-based therapeutics for anemia , 2010, Expert opinion on therapeutic patents.

[17]  M. Mackeen,et al.  Small-molecule-based inhibition of histone demethylation in cells assessed by quantitative mass spectrometry. , 2010, Journal of proteome research.

[18]  A. Kazaks,et al.  Crystal structure of human gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. , 2010, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[19]  G. G. Sanwal,et al.  RIPENING OF CLIMACTERIC FRUITS AND THEIR CONTROL , 2010 .

[20]  Makoto Hasegawa,et al.  Design, synthesis, enzyme-inhibitory activity, and effect on human cancer cells of a novel series of jumonji domain-containing protein 2 histone demethylase inhibitors. , 2010, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[21]  C. Schofield,et al.  2-Oxoglutarate oxygenases are inhibited by a range of transition metals. , 2010, Metallomics : integrated biometal science.

[22]  C. Tepper,et al.  KDM8, a H3K36me2 histone demethylase that acts in the cyclin A1 coding region to regulate cancer cell proliferation , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[23]  N. Moroz,et al.  Utilization of an in vivo reporter for high throughput identification of branched small molecule regulators of hypoxic adaptation. , 2010, Chemistry & biology.

[24]  J. Choe,et al.  Crystal structures of human FIH-1 in complex with quinol family inhibitors , 2010, Molecules and cells.

[25]  C. Schofield,et al.  Investigating the dependence of the hypoxia-inducible factor hydroxylases (factor inhibiting HIF and prolyl hydroxylase domain 2) on ascorbate and other reducing agents. , 2010, The Biochemical journal.

[26]  Qiang Wang,et al.  Crystal structure of the FTO protein reveals basis for its substrate specificity , 2010, Nature.

[27]  Omar Abdel-Wahab,et al.  The common feature of leukemia-associated IDH1 and IDH2 mutations is a neomorphic enzyme activity converting alpha-ketoglutarate to 2-hydroxyglutarate. , 2010, Cancer cell.

[28]  C. Schofield,et al.  Monitoring the Activity of 2‐Oxoglutarate Dependent Histone Demethylases by NMR Spectroscopy: Direct Observation of Formaldehyde , 2010, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.

[29]  M. Björkholm,et al.  The histone demethylase RBP2 Is overexpressed in gastric cancer and its inhibition triggers senescence of cancer cells. , 2010, Gastroenterology.

[30]  Clement T Y Chan,et al.  Human AlkB Homolog ABH8 Is a tRNA Methyltransferase Required for Wobble Uridine Modification and DNA Damage Survival , 2010, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[31]  K. Kavanagh,et al.  Crystal structure of the PHF8 Jumonji domain, an N ε‐methyl lysine demethylase , 2010, FEBS letters.

[32]  Tak W. Mak,et al.  Cancer-associated metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate accumulates in acute myelogenous leukemia with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations , 2010, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[33]  A. Jadhav,et al.  A miniaturized screen for inhibitors of Jumonji histone demethylases. , 2010, Molecular bioSystems.

[34]  Christopher J. Schofield,et al.  Selective Inhibitors of the JMJD2 Histone Demethylases: Combined Nondenaturing Mass Spectrometric Screening and Crystallographic Approaches† , 2010, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[35]  R. Klose,et al.  PHF8, a gene associated with cleft lip/palate and mental retardation, encodes for an N-dimethyl lysine demethylase , 2009 .

[36]  H. Yasuda,et al.  Regulation of the osteoblast-specific transcription factor Osterix by NO66, a Jumonji family histone demethylase , 2009, The EMBO journal.

[37]  Gurpreet W. Tang,et al.  Systematic sequencing of renal carcinoma reveals inactivation of histone modifying genes , 2009, Nature.

[38]  Yang Shi,et al.  Enzymatic and structural insights for substrate specificity of a family of jumonji histone lysine demethylases , 2010, Nature Structural &Molecular Biology.

[39]  M. Davey,et al.  Practical Applications of Manipulating Plant Architecture by Regulating Gibberellin Metabolism , 2010, Journal of Plant Growth Regulation.

[40]  Yi Zhang,et al.  Nickel Ions Inhibit Histone Demethylase JMJD1A and DNA Repair Enzyme ABH2 by Replacing the Ferrous Iron in the Catalytic Centers* , 2009, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[41]  L. Liau,et al.  Cancer-associated IDH1 mutations produce 2-hydroxyglutarate , 2009, Nature.

[42]  C. Schofield,et al.  Inhibition of the histone lysine demethylase JMJD2A by ejection of structural Zn(II). , 2009, Chemical communications.

[43]  C. Schofield,et al.  2-Oxoglutarate analogue inhibitors of prolyl hydroxylase domain 2. , 2009, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

[44]  I. Campbell,et al.  Asparaginyl beta-hydroxylation of proteins containing ankyrin repeat domains influences their stability and function. , 2009, Journal of molecular biology.

[45]  P. Ratcliffe,et al.  FIH‐Dependent Asparaginyl Hydroxylation of Ankyrin Repeat Domain‐Containing Proteins , 2009, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[46]  W. Kaelin.  SDH5 mutations and familial paraganglioma: somewhere Warburg is smiling. , 2009, Cancer cell.

[47]  M. Seiki,et al.  Mint3 Enhances the Activity of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) in Macrophages by Suppressing the Activity of Factor Inhibiting HIF-1* , 2009, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[48]  Roger D. Cox,et al.  A Mouse Model for the Metabolic Effects of the Human Fat Mass and Obesity Associated FTO Gene , 2009, PLoS genetics.

[49]  C. Domene,et al.  Structural basis for binding of hypoxia-inducible factor to the oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases. , 2009, Structure.

[50]  R. Wierenga,et al.  The Crystal Structure of an Algal Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase Complexed with a Proline-rich Peptide Reveals a Novel Buried Tripeptide Binding Motif* , 2009, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[51]  M. Musheev,et al.  Direct analysis of enzyme-catalyzed DNA demethylation. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[52]  Jiejun Wu,et al.  Characterization of a Robust Enzymatic Assay for Inhibitors of 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Hydroxylases , 2009, Journal of biomolecular screening.

[53]  Yukihiro Itoh,et al.  Synthesis and activity of N-oxalylglycine and its derivatives as Jumonji C-domain-containing histone lysine demethylase inhibitors. , 2009, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

[54]  David R. Liu,et al.  Conversion of 5-Methylcytosine to 5- Hydroxymethylcytosine in Mammalian DNA by the MLL Partner TET1 , 2009 .

[55]  N. Heintz,et al.  The Nuclear DNA Base 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Is Present in Purkinje Neurons and the Brain , 2009, Science.

[56]  Max Costa,et al.  Epigenetics in metal carcinogenesis: nickel, arsenic, chromium and cadmium. , 2009, Metallomics : integrated biometal science.

[57]  Jens C. Brüning,et al.  Inactivation of the Fto gene protects from obesity , 2009, Nature.

[58]  F. Sobott,et al.  Application of a proteolysis/mass spectrometry method for investigating the effects of inhibitors on hydroxylase structure. , 2009, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[59]  P. Carmeliet,et al.  Inhibition of oxygen sensors as a therapeutic strategy for ischaemic and inflammatory disease , 2009, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[60]  José M. Morachis,et al.  Kinetic characterization and identification of a novel inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 2 using a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay technology. , 2009, Analytical biochemistry.

[61]  P. Ratcliffe,et al.  Asparagine beta-hydroxylation stabilizes the ankyrin repeat domain fold. , 2009, Molecular bioSystems.

[62]  Max Costa,et al.  Iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent Dioxygenases: an emerging group of molecular targets for nickel toxicity and carcinogenicity , 2009, BioMetals.

[63]  P. Ratcliffe,et al.  Evaluation of aspirin metabolites as inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor hydroxylases. , 2008, Chemical communications.

[64]  G. Mortier,et al.  Recessive osteogenesis imperfecta caused by LEPRE1 mutations: clinical documentation and identification of the splice form responsible for prolyl 3-hydroxylation , 2008, Journal of Medical Genetics.

[65]  U. Oppermann,et al.  Inhibitor scaffolds for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent histone lysine demethylases. , 2008, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[66]  C. Schofield,et al.  Evidence That Two Enzyme-derived Histidine Ligands Are Sufficient for Iron Binding and Catalysis by Factor Inhibiting HIF (FIH)* , 2008, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[67]  P. Simpson,et al.  Dynamic states of the DNA repair enzyme AlkB regulate product release , 2008, EMBO reports.

[68]  G. Natoli,et al.  The Histone H3 Lysine 27-Specific Demethylase Jmjd3 Is Required for Neural Commitment , 2008, PloS one.

[69]  E. Rajcan-Separovic,et al.  Autism‐associated familial microdeletion of Xp11.22 , 2008, Clinical genetics.

[70]  R. Bürli,et al.  Discovery of novel hydroxy-thiazoles as HIF-alpha prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors: SAR, synthesis, and modeling evaluation. , 2008, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

[71]  J. Klinman,et al.  18O kinetic isotope effects in non-heme iron enzymes: probing the nature of Fe/O2 intermediates. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[72]  S. Ryu,et al.  Monoclonal Antibody-Based Screening Assay for Factor Inhibiting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Inhibitors , 2008, Journal of biomolecular screening.

[73]  Y. M. Lee,et al.  Baicalein Induces Functional Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Angiogenesis , 2008, Molecular Pharmacology.

[74]  C. Schofield,et al.  The human oxygen sensing machinery and its manipulation. , 2008, Chemical Society reviews.

[75]  K. Helin,et al.  Erasing the methyl mark: histone demethylases at the center of cellular differentiation and disease. , 2008, Genes & development.

[76]  F. Sellke,et al.  Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha, endothelial progenitor cells, monocytes, cardiovascular risk, wound healing, cobalt and hydralazine: a unifying hypothesis. , 2008, Current drug targets.

[77]  Shinjiro Yamaguchi,et al.  Gibberellin metabolism and its regulation. , 2008, Annual review of plant biology.

[78]  Chengqi Yi,et al.  Crystal structures of DNA/RNA repair enzymes AlkB and ABH2 bound to dsDNA , 2008, Nature.

[79]  Yong J. Lee,et al.  Flavonoids‐induced accumulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α/2α is mediated through chelation of iron , 2008 .

[80]  N. Oldham,et al.  ESI‐MS Studies on Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain 2 Reveal a New Metal Binding Site , 2008, ChemMedChem.

[81]  Kristian Helin,et al.  The emerging functions of histone demethylases. , 2008, Current opinion in genetics & development.

[82]  Christopher J Schofield,et al.  Expanding chemical biology of 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases. , 2008, Nature chemical biology.

[83]  J. Myllyharju.  Prolyl 4-hydroxylases, key enzymes in the synthesis of collagens and regulation of the response to hypoxia, and their roles as treatment targets , 2008, Annals of medicine.

[84]  R. Wierenga,et al.  The Active Site of an Algal Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase Has a Large Structural Plasticity* , 2007, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[85]  C. Chen,et al.  JARID1B is a histone H3 lysine 4 demethylase up-regulated in prostate cancer , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[86]  Y. Fujii‐Kuriyama,et al.  A Novel Class of Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors Induces Angiogenesis and Exerts Organ Protection Against Ischemia , 2007, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[87]  Chris P. Ponting,et al.  The Obesity-Associated FTO Gene Encodes a 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Nucleic Acid Demethylase , 2007, Science.

[88]  A. Bhagwat,et al.  Kinetic studies of Escherichia coli AlkB using a new fluorescence-based assay for DNA demethylation , 2007, Nucleic acids research.

[89]  E. Olsen,et al.  A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of a novel formulation of 5% minoxidil topical foam versus placebo in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in men. , 2007, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[90]  Y. Mishina,et al.  Histone demethylase JHDM2A is critical for Tnp1 and Prm1 transcription and spermatogenesis , 2007, Nature.

[91]  C. Chen,et al.  JMJD3 is a histone H3K27 demethylase , 2007, Cell Research.

[92]  G. Natoli,et al.  The Histone H3 Lysine-27 Demethylase Jmjd3 Links Inflammation to Inhibition of Polycomb-Mediated Gene Silencing , 2007, Cell.

[93]  G. David,et al.  The F-box protein Fbl10 is a novel transcriptional repressor of c-Jun , 2007, Nature Cell Biology.

[94]  Kristina M. Cook,et al.  Asparaginyl Hydroxylation of the Notch Ankyrin Repeat Domain by Factor Inhibiting Hypoxia-inducible Factor* , 2007, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[95]  R. Janknecht,et al.  Activation of androgen receptor by histone demethylases JMJD2A and JMJD2D. , 2007, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[96]  Chunguang Wang,et al.  Expanding the lysyl hydroxylase toolbox: New insights into the localization and activities of lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) , 2007, Journal of cellular physiology.

[97]  A. Koivisto,et al.  Screening of mutations in the PHF8 gene and identification of a novel mutation in a Finnish family with XLMR and cleft lip/cleft palate , 2007, Clinical genetics.

[98]  Patricia A. Ortiz-Tello,et al.  Specificity and mechanism of JMJD2A, a trimethyllysine-specific histone demethylase , 2007, Nature Structural &Molecular Biology.

[99]  Hong Wang,et al.  ASB4 Is a Hydroxylation Substrate of FIH and Promotes Vascular Differentiation via an Oxygen-Dependent Mechanism , 2007, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[100]  James E. Bray,et al.  Crystal structures of histone demethylase JMJD2A reveal basis for substrate specificity , 2007, Nature.

[101]  M. Miano,et al.  A novel mutation in the PHF8 gene is associated with X‐linked mental retardation with cleft lip/cleft palate , 2007, Clinical genetics.

[102]  Yang Shi,et al.  Structural basis of the recognition of a methylated histone tail by JMJD2A , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[103]  Yunjin Jung,et al.  Quercetin Activates an Angiogenic Pathway, Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)-1-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, by Inhibiting HIF-Prolyl Hydroxylase: a Structural Analysis of Quercetin for Inhibiting HIF-Prolyl Hydroxylase , 2007, Molecular Pharmacology.

[104]  A. Rao,et al.  The histone H3K4 demethylase SMCX links REST target genes to X-linked mental retardation , 2007, Nature.

[105]  M. Jarvelin,et al.  A Common Variant in the FTO Gene Is Associated with Body Mass Index and Predisposes to Childhood and Adult Obesity , 2007, Science.

[106]  Andrew W. Stumpff-Kane,et al.  Purification and characterization of the FeII- and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent xanthine hydroxylase from Aspergillus nidulans. , 2007, Biochemistry.

[107]  F. Neese,et al.  Spectroscopic and computational evaluation of the structure of the high-spin Fe(IV)-oxo intermediates in taurine: alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase from Escherichia coli and its His99Ala ligand variant. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[108]  Paul Tempst,et al.  PLU-1 is an H3K4 demethylase involved in transcriptional repression and breast cancer cell proliferation. , 2007, Molecular cell.

[109]  Yi Zhang,et al.  Regulation of histone methylation by demethylimination and demethylation , 2007, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[110]  I. Hassinen,et al.  Inhibition of Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF) Hydroxylases by Citric Acid Cycle Intermediates , 2007, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[111]  N. Oldham,et al.  Structural and Mechanistic Studies on the Inhibition of the Hypoxia-inducible Transcription Factor Hydroxylases by Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates* , 2007, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[112]  C. Schofield,et al.  The most versatile of all reactive intermediates? , 2007, Nature chemical biology.

[113]  D. Peet,et al.  Characterization of ankyrin repeat-containing proteins as substrates of the asparaginyl hydroxylase factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible transcription factor. , 2007, Methods in enzymology.

[114]  P. Gallop,et al.  Collagen prolyl hydroxylation in WI-38 fibroblast cultures: Action of hydralazine , 2007, In Vitro.

[115]  P. Ratcliffe,et al.  Studies on the activity of the hypoxia-inducible-factor hydroxylases using an oxygen consumption assay. , 2007, The Biochemical journal.

[116]  G. Camenisch,et al.  Determination and modulation of prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain oxygen sensor activity. , 2007, Methods in enzymology.

[117]  H. Hayashi,et al.  Gallate, the component of HIF-inducing catechins, inhibits HIF prolyl hydroxylase. , 2006, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[118]  E. Yang,et al.  Clioquinol, a Cu(II)/Zn(II) Chelator, Inhibits Both Ubiquitination and Asparagine Hydroxylation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α, Leading to Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Erythropoietin in Normoxic Cells* , 2006, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[119]  Carol Winter,et al.  Design and synthesis of a series of novel pyrazolopyridines as HIF-1alpha prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors. , 2006, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

[120]  Carol Winter,et al.  Structure-based design, synthesis, and SAR evaluation of a new series of 8-hydroxyquinolines as HIF-1alpha prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors. , 2006, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

[121]  P. Ratcliffe,et al.  Posttranslational hydroxylation of ankyrin repeats in IκB proteins by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) asparaginyl hydroxylase, factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[122]  Yi Zhang,et al.  JmjC-domain-containing proteins and histone demethylation , 2006, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[123]  T. Fischer,et al.  Screening for inhibitors of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases: Flavanone 3β-hydroxylase and flavonol synthase☆ , 2006 .

[124]  Juri Rappsilber,et al.  The putative oncogene GASC1 demethylates tri- and dimethylated lysine 9 on histone H3 , 2006, Nature.

[125]  J. Zondlo,et al.  Cellular oxygen sensing: Crystal structure of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (PHD2). , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[126]  Jiannis Ragoussis,et al.  Concordant Regulation of Gene Expression by Hypoxia and 2-Oxoglutarate-dependent Dioxygenase Inhibition , 2006, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[127]  R. Hausinger,et al.  An assay for Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases by enzyme-coupled detection of succinate formation. , 2006, Analytical biochemistry.

[128]  Yan Yan,et al.  Nickel Ions Increase Histone H3 Lysine 9 Dimethylation and Induce Transgene Silencing , 2006, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[129]  C. Schofield,et al.  Structural studies on 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases and related double-stranded beta-helix fold proteins. , 2006, Journal of inorganic biochemistry.

[130]  H. Erdjument-Bromage,et al.  Histone demethylation by a family of JmjC domain-containing proteins , 2006, Nature.

[131]  P. Weber,et al.  Crystal structures of catalytic complexes of the oxidative DNA/RNA repair enzyme AlkB , 2006, Nature.

[132]  E. Struys.  D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria: Unravelling the biochemical pathway and the genetic defect , 2006, Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease.

[133]  R. Hausinger,et al.  Kinetic and spectroscopic investigation of CoII, NiII, and N-oxalylglycine inhibition of the FeII/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TauD. , 2005, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[134]  N. Oldham,et al.  The inhibition of factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (FIH) by beta-oxocarboxylic acids. , 2005, Chemical communications.

[135]  N. Oldham,et al.  Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 2 has a high affinity for ferrous iron and 2-oxoglutarate. , 2005, Molecular bioSystems.

[136]  C. Schwartz,et al.  Mutations in PHF8 are associated with X linked mental retardation and cleft lip/cleft palate , 2005, Journal of Medical Genetics.

[137]  J R Griffiths,et al.  Accumulation of Krebs cycle intermediates and over-expression of HIF1alpha in tumours which result from germline FH and SDH mutations. , 2005, Human molecular genetics.

[138]  K. Kivirikko,et al.  Effect of desferrioxamine and metals on the hydroxylases in the oxygen sensing pathway , 2005, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[139]  C. Walsh,et al.  SyrB2 in syringomycin E biosynthesis is a nonheme FeII alpha-ketoglutarate- and O2-dependent halogenase. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[140]  J. C. Price,et al.  Kinetic dissection of the catalytic mechanism of taurine:alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase (TauD) from Escherichia coli. , 2005, Biochemistry.

[141]  C. Schofield,et al.  Selective inhibition of factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[142]  Yuen-Li Chung,et al.  HIF overexpression correlates with biallelic loss of fumarate hydratase in renal cancer: novel role of fumarate in regulation of HIF stability. , 2005, Cancer cell.

[143]  I. Usón,et al.  Succinate complex crystal structures of the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase AtsK: steric aspects of enzyme self-hydroxylation. , 2005, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[144]  David G. Watson,et al.  Succinate links TCA cycle dysfunction to oncogenesis by inhibiting HIF-alpha prolyl hydroxylase. , 2005, Cancer cell.

[145]  C. Schofield,et al.  A fluorescence-based assay for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases. , 2005, Analytical biochemistry.

[146]  D. Ferreira,et al.  Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 activation by (-)-epicatechin gallate: potential adverse effects of cancer chemoprevention with high-dose green tea extracts. , 2004, Journal of natural products.

[147]  C. Schofield,et al.  Crystal structure and mechanistic implications of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase--the ethylene-forming enzyme. , 2004, Chemistry & biology.

[148]  A. Zhitkovich,et al.  Depletion of Intracellular Ascorbate by the Carcinogenic Metals Nickel and Cobalt Results in the Induction of Hypoxic Stress* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[149]  A. Harris,et al.  Novel Mechanism of Action for Hydralazine: Induction of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 &agr;, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Angiogenesis by Inhibition of Prolyl Hydroxylases , 2004, Circulation research.

[150]  L. Sakai,et al.  Prolyl 3-Hydroxylase 1, Enzyme Characterization and Identification of a Novel Family of Enzymes* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[151]  Christopher J. Schofield,et al.  Oxygen sensing by HIF hydroxylases , 2004, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[152]  R. Hausinger,et al.  Aberrant activity of the DNA repair enzyme AlkB. , 2004, Journal of inorganic biochemistry.

[153]  K. Kivirikko,et al.  Catalytic Properties of the Asparaginyl Hydroxylase (FIH) in the Oxygen Sensing Pathway Are Distinct from Those of Its Prolyl 4-Hydroxylases* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[154]  L. Que,et al.  Dioxygen activation at mononuclear nonheme iron active sites: enzymes, models, and intermediates. , 2004, Chemical reviews.

[155]  M. J. Ryle,et al.  Direct detection of oxygen intermediates in the non-heme Fe enzyme taurine/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[156]  Toshihiko Hayashi,et al.  The Peptides Acetyl-(Gly-3(S)Hyp-4(R)Hyp)10-NH2 and Acetyl-(Gly-Pro-3(S)Hyp)10-NH2 Do Not Form a Collagen Triple Helix* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[157]  Robert P. Hausinger,et al.  Fe(II)/α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Hydroxylases and Related Enzymes , 2004 .

[158]  J. Hajdu,et al.  The structural basis of cephalosporin formation in a mononuclear ferrous enzyme , 2004, Nature Structural &Molecular Biology.

[159]  Carsten Krebs,et al.  Evidence for hydrogen abstraction from C1 of taurine by the high-spin Fe(IV) intermediate detected during oxygen activation by taurine:alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase (TauD). , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[160]  G. Semenza.  Targeting HIF-1 for cancer therapy , 2003, Nature Reviews Cancer.

[161]  P. Ratcliffe,et al.  2-oxoglutarate analogue inhibitors of HIF prolyl hydroxylase. , 2003, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

[162]  K. Kivirikko,et al.  Characterization of the Human Prolyl 4-Hydroxylases That Modify the Hypoxia-inducible Factor* , 2003, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[163]  K. Eckardt,et al.  Activation of the hypoxia‐inducible factor pathway and stimulation of angiogenesis by application of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors , 2003, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[164]  Carsten Krebs,et al.  The first direct characterization of a high-valent iron intermediate in the reaction of an alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase: a high-spin FeIV complex in taurine/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase (TauD) from Escherichia coli. , 2003, Biochemistry.

[165]  A. M. Salazar,et al.  Reactivation of tumor suppressor genes by the cardiovascular drugs hydralazine and procainamide and their potential use in cancer therapy. , 2003, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[166]  R. Raines,et al.  Effect of 3-hydroxyproline residues on collagen stability. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[167]  P. Ratcliffe,et al.  Analogues of dealanylalahopcin are inhibitors of human HIF prolyl hydroxylases. , 2003, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

[168]  R. Wenger,et al.  The antimycotic ciclopirox olamine induces HIF‐1α stability, VEGF expression, and angiogenesis , 2003, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[169]  C. Schofield,et al.  The Selectivity and Inhibition of AlkB* , 2003, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[170]  Robert P. Hausinger,et al.  O2- and α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Tyrosyl Radical Formation in TauD, an α-Keto Acid-Dependent Non-Heme Iron Dioxygenase† , 2003 .

[171]  J. Elkins,et al.  Structure of Factor-inhibiting Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF) Reveals Mechanism of Oxidative Modification of HIF-1α* , 2003, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[172]  Mircea Ivan,et al.  Biochemical purification and pharmacological inhibition of a mammalian prolyl hydroxylase acting on hypoxia-inducible factor , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[173]  E. Liepinsh,et al.  Mildronate: cardioprotective action through carnitine-lowering effect. , 2002, Trends in cardiovascular medicine.

[174]  H. Kleinman,et al.  The antifungal drug ciclopirox inhibits deoxyhypusine and proline hydroxylation, endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis in vitro , 2002, International journal of cancer.

[175]  Michael I. Wilson,et al.  Peptide blockade of HIFα degradation modulates cellular metabolism and angiogenesis , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[176]  Christopher J Schofield,et al.  Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF) Asparagine Hydroxylase Is Identical to Factor Inhibiting HIF (FIH) and Is Related to the Cupin Structural Family* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[177]  P. Ratcliffe,et al.  The use of dioxygen by HIF prolyl hydroxylase (PHD1). , 2002, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

[178]  D. Peet,et al.  FIH-1 is an asparaginyl hydroxylase enzyme that regulates the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor. , 2002, Genes & development.

[179]  Christopher J Schofield,et al.  Crystal structure of a clavaminate synthase–Fe(II)–2‐oxoglutarate–substrate–NO complex: evidence for metal centred rearrangements , 2002, FEBS letters.

[180]  J. Elkins,et al.  X-ray crystal structure of Escherichia coli taurine/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase complexed to ferrous iron and substrates. , 2002, Biochemistry.

[181]  B. Shoichet,et al.  A common mechanism underlying promiscuous inhibitors from virtual and high-throughput screening. , 2002, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[182]  R. Wanders,et al.  Carnitine biosynthesis in mammals. , 2002, The Biochemical journal.

[183]  C. Schofield,et al.  Structure and mechanism of anthocyanidin synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana. , 2002, Structure.

[184]  J. Last,et al.  Mechanism of inhibition of lysyl hydroxylase activity by the organophosphates malathion and malaoxon. , 2001, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[185]  P. Buttrick,et al.  Inhibition of Collagen Synthesis With Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase Inhibitor Improves Left Ventricular Function and Alters the Pattern of Left Ventricular Dilatation After Myocardial Infarction , 2001, Circulation.

[186]  Z. Arbieva,et al.  A novel nuclear protein, 5qNCA (LOC51780) is a candidate for the myeloid leukemia tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 5 band q31 , 2001, Oncogene.

[187]  S. McKnight,et al.  A Conserved Family of Prolyl-4-Hydroxylases That Modify HIF , 2001, Science.

[188]  Michael I. Wilson,et al.  C. elegans EGL-9 and Mammalian Homologs Define a Family of Dioxygenases that Regulate HIF by Prolyl Hydroxylation , 2001, Cell.

[189]  C. Townsend,et al.  Spectroscopic studies of substrate interactions with clavaminate synthase 2, a multifunctional alpha-KG-dependent non-heme iron enzyme: correlation with mechanisms and reactivities. , 2001, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[190]  J. Klinman,et al.  Steady-state kinetics of substrate binding and iron release in tomato ACC oxidase. , 2001, Biochemistry.

[191]  M. D. Lloyd,et al.  Kinetic and crystallographic studies on deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase (DAOCS). , 2001, Journal of molecular biology.

[192]  Michael I. Wilson,et al.  Targeting of HIF-α to the von Hippel-Lindau Ubiquitylation Complex by O2-Regulated Prolyl Hydroxylation , 2001, Science.

[193]  R. Stephenson,et al.  Inhibition of prolyl 4-hydroxylase in vitro and in vivo by members of a novel series of phenanthrolinones. , 2001, The Biochemical journal.

[194]  K. Kivirikko,et al.  Collagens and collagen-related diseases , 2001, Annals of medicine.

[195]  H. Yeowell,et al.  Mutations in the lysyl hydroxylase 1 gene that result in enzyme deficiency and the clinical phenotype of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI. , 2000, Molecular genetics and metabolism.

[196]  W. Rademacher.  GROWTH RETARDANTS: Effects on Gibberellin Biosynthesis and Other Metabolic Pathways. , 2000, Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology.

[197]  Christopher J. Schofield,et al.  Structural origins of the selectivity of the trifunctional oxygenase clavaminic acid synthase , 2000, Nature Structural Biology.

[198]  L. Mott.  Alar Again: Science, the Media, and the Public's Right to Know , 2000, International journal of occupational and environmental health.

[199]  R. Christoffersen,et al.  Role of the nonheme Fe(II) center in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ethylene. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[200]  T. Chung,et al.  Development of a carbon dioxide-capture assay in microtiter plate for aspartyl-beta-hydroxylase. , 1999, Analytical biochemistry.

[201]  C. Wykoff,et al.  The tumour suppressor protein VHL targets hypoxia-inducible factors for oxygen-dependent proteolysis , 1999, Nature.

[202]  P. Hedden,et al.  Molecular cloning and functional expression of gibberellin 2- oxidases, multifunctional enzymes involved in gibberellin deactivation. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[203]  M. D. Lloyd,et al.  Structure of a cephalosporin synthase , 1998, Nature.

[204]  C. Schofield,et al.  Substrate analogues and inhibition of ACC oxidase: conversion of D-valine to iso-butanal , 1998 .

[205]  P. Hedden,et al.  Function and substrate specificity of the gibberellin 3beta-hydroxylase encoded by the Arabidopsis GA4 gene. , 1998, Plant physiology.

[206]  P. Hedden,et al.  Inhibition of gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase by novel acylcyclohexanedione derivatives , 1998 .

[207]  K. Kivirikko,et al.  Prolyl 4-hydroxylases and their protein disulfide isomerase subunit. , 1998, Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology.

[208]  V. Guenzler,et al.  Two novel antifibrotics, HOE 077 and Safironil, modulate stellate cell activation in rat liver injury: differential effects in males and females. , 1998, The American journal of pathology.

[209]  K. Kivirikko,et al.  Collagen hydroxylases and the protein disulfide isomerase subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylases. , 1998, Advances in enzymology and related areas of molecular biology.

[210]  H. Kawaide,et al.  Daminozide and prohexadione have similar modes of action as inhibitors of the late stages of gibberellin metabolism , 1997 .

[211]  P. John.  Ethylene biosynthesis: The role of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate (ACC) oxidase, and its possible evolutionary origin , 1997 .

[212]  J. Hajdu,et al.  Structure of isopenicillinN synthase complexed with substrate and the mechanism ofpenicillin formation , 1997, Nature.

[213]  Y. Kamiya,et al.  GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS: Enzymes, Genes and Their Regulation. , 1997, Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology.

[214]  T. Franklin.  Therapeutic approaches to organ fibrosis. , 1997, The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.

[215]  B. Brodsky,et al.  The triple‐lielix motif in proteins , 1995, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[216]  Geoffrey J. Barton,et al.  Crystal structure of isopenicillin N synthase is the first from a new structural family of enzymes , 1995, Nature.

[217]  P. Hedden,et al.  Expression cloning of a gibberellin 20-oxidase, a multifunctional enzyme involved in gibberellin biosynthesis. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[218]  K. Baringhaus,et al.  Inhibition of prolyl 4-hydroxylase by oxalyl amino acid derivatives in vitro, in isolated microsomes and in embryonic chicken tissues. , 1994, The Biochemical journal.

[219]  S. Pinnell,et al.  Minimum structural requirements for minoxidil inhibition of lysyl hydroxylase in cultured fibroblasts. , 1994, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[220]  J. Beattie,et al.  Novel inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. 5. The intriguing structure-activity relationships seen with 2,2'-bipyridine and its 5,5'-dicarboxylic acid derivatives. , 1993, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[221]  J. Chambers,et al.  Osteolathyrogenic effects of malathion in Xenopus embryos. , 1993, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[222]  R. Hasegawa,et al.  Carcinogenic potential of some pesticides in a medium‐term multi‐organ bioassay in rats , 1993, International journal of cancer.

[223]  R. Dowell,et al.  Novel inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. Part 4 pyridine-2-carboxylic acid analogues with alternative 2-substituents , 1993 .

[224]  S. Yang,et al.  Purification and characterization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase from apple fruit. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[225]  C. Cunliffe,et al.  Novel inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. 3. Inhibition by the substrate analogue N-oxaloglycine and its derivatives. , 1992, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[226]  D. J. Mcgarvey,et al.  Characterization and kinetic parameters of ethylene-forming enzyme from avocado fruit. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[227]  H. Tucker,et al.  Novel inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. 2. 5-Amide substituted pyridine-2-carboxylic acids. , 1992, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[228]  R. Dowell,et al.  Novel inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. , 1992, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[229]  S. Pinnell,et al.  Structure-activity relationship of minoxidil analogs as inhibitors of lysyl hydroxylase in cultured fibroblasts. , 1992, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[230]  C. Cunliffe,et al.  Approaches to the design of anti-fibrotic drugs. , 1991, Biochemical Society transactions.

[231]  V. Günzler,et al.  Inhibition of prolyl hydroxylation and procollagen processing in chick-embryo calvaria by a derivative of pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylate. Characterization of the diethyl ester as a proinhibitor. , 1991, The Biochemical journal.

[232]  S. F. Ng,et al.  Cosubstrate binding site of Pseudomonas sp. AK1 gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. Interactions with structural analogs of alpha-ketoglutarate. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[233]  P. Hedden,et al.  Inhibition of gibberellin 2β-hydroxylases by acylcyclohexanedione derivatives , 1991 .

[234]  H. Hanauske-Abel.  Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, a target enzyme for drug development. Design of suppressive agents and the in vitro effects of inhibitors and proinhibitors. , 1991, Journal of hepatology.

[235]  A. Guillouzo,et al.  Effects of the prolyl 4-hydroxylase proinhibitor HOE 077 on human and rat hepatocytes in primary culture. , 1991, Journal of hepatology.

[236]  H. Eckert,et al.  Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of HOE 077. Preclinical studies. , 1991, Journal of hepatology.

[237]  L. Ala‐Kokko,et al.  Specific inactivation of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and inhibition of collagen synthesis by oxaproline-containing peptides in cultured human skin fibroblasts. , 1990, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[238]  V. Günzler,et al.  Assay for 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylating enzymes based on the determination of [1-14C]succinate: application to prolyl 4-hydroxylase. , 1990, Analytical biochemistry.

[239]  T. Franklin,et al.  Inhibition of collagen hydroxylation by 2,7,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone in embryonic-chick tendon cells. , 1989, The Biochemical journal.

[240]  K. Kivirikko,et al.  Protein hydroxylation: prolyl 4‐hydroxylase, an enzyme with four cosubstrates and a multifunctional subunit , 1989, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[241]  K. Kivirikko,et al.  Syncatalytic inactivation of prolyl 4-hydroxylase by synthetic peptides containing the unphysiologic amino acid 5-oxaproline. , 1988, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[242]  B. Simkhovich,et al.  3-(2,2,2-Trimethylhydrazinium)propionate (THP)--a novel gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase inhibitor with cardioprotective properties. , 1988, Biochemical pharmacology.

[243]  V. Günzler,et al.  Pyridinedicarboxylates, the first mechanism-derived inhibitors for prolyl 4-hydroxylase, selectively suppress cellular hydroxyprolyl biosynthesis. Decrease in interstitial collagen and Clq secretion in cell culture. , 1987, The Biochemical journal.

[244]  S. Pinnell,et al.  Suppression of fibroblast proliferation and lysyl hydroxylase activity by minoxidil. , 1987, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[245]  T. Sasaki,et al.  Reduction of collagen production in keloid fibroblast cultures by ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. Inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase activity as a mechanism of action. , 1987, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[246]  C. Cunliffe,et al.  Inhibition of prolyl 4-hydroxylase by hydroxyanthraquinones. , 1986, The Biochemical journal.

[247]  K. Majamaa,et al.  Partial identity of the 2-oxoglutarate and ascorbate binding sites of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. , 1986, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[248]  K. Majamaa,et al.  Differences between collagen hydroxylases and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in their inhibition by structural analogues of 2-oxoglutarate. , 1985, The Biochemical journal.

[249]  M. Yoneda,et al.  Alahopcin, a new dipeptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces albulus subsp. ochragerus subsp. nov. , 1985, The Journal of antibiotics.

[250]  J. Blanchard,et al.  Gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase: stereochemical course of the hydroxylation reaction. , 1985, Biochemistry.

[251]  N. Hoffman,et al.  Ethylene biosynthesis and its regulation in higher plants , 1984 .

[252]  K. Majamaa,et al.  The 2-oxoglutarate binding site of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. Identification of distinct subsites and evidence for 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylation in a ligand reaction at the enzyme-bound ferrous ion. , 1984, European journal of biochemistry.

[253]  V. Günzler,et al.  A stereochemical concept for the catalytic mechanism of prolylhydroxylase: applicability to classification and design of inhibitors. , 1982, Journal of theoretical biology.

[254]  K. Kivirikko,et al.  Posttranslational enzymes in the biosynthesis of collagen: intracellular enzymes. , 1982, Methods in enzymology.

[255]  U. Puistola,et al.  Studies on the lysyl hydroxylase reaction. II. Inhibition kinetics and the reaction mechanism. , 1980, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[256]  Shangfa Yang,et al.  Ethylene biosynthesis: Identification of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid as an intermediate in the conversion of methionine to ethylene. , 1979, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[257]  J. Mattoon,et al.  Colorimetric determination of succinic acid using yeast succinate dehydrogenase. , 1978, Analytical biochemistry.

[258]  S. Ellis,et al.  Carnitine biosynthesis. beta-Hydroxylation of trimethyllysine by an alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent mitochondrial dioxygenase. , 1978, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[259]  K. Kivirikko,et al.  Mechanism of the prolyl hydroxylase reaction. 1. Role of co-substrates. , 1977, European journal of biochemistry.

[260]  K. Kivirikko,et al.  Mechanism of the prolyl hydroxylase reaction. 2. Kinetic analysis of the reaction sequence. , 1977, European journal of biochemistry.

[261]  B. Tóth,et al.  Induction of tumors in mice with the herbicide succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide. , 1977, Cancer research.

[262]  S. Lindstedt,et al.  Purification and properties of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase from Pseudomonas sp AK 1. , 1977, Biochemistry.

[263]  S. Kerwar,et al.  Effect of L-3,4-dehydroproline on collagen synthesis and prolyl hydroxylase activity in mammalian cell cultures. , 1976, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[264]  J. Fisher.  Erythropoietin: pharmacology, biogenesis and control of production. , 1972, Pharmacological reviews.

[265]  R. Rhoads,et al.  Decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate coupled to collagen proline hydroxylase. , 1968, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[266]  J. Hutton,et al.  Conversion of the amino acid sequence gly-pro-pro in protein to gly-pro-hyp by collagen proline hydroxylase. , 1967, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[267]  G. Lindstedt.  Hydroxylation of γ-Butyrobetaine to Carnitine in Rat Liver* , 1967 .

[268]  J. Hutton,et al.  Requirements for α-ketoglutarate, ferrous ion and ascorbate by collagen proline hydroxylase , 1966 .

[269]  H. Cathey.  Physiology of Growth Retarding Chemicals , 1964 .

[270]  G. Dahlgren,et al.  Intramolecular Catalysis of the Hydrolysis of N-Dimethylaminomaleamic Acid , 1963, Science.

[271]  H. Hageman,et al.  Retardation of Plant Growth by a New Group of Chemicals , 1962, Science.