Ring‐infected erythrocyte surface antigen (Pf/155RESA) induces tumour necrosis factor‐alpha production

Cerebral malaria is probably related to an overstimulation of the immune system and the cytokinc network. We have previously demonstrated that tumour necrosis factor (TNF) secretion by human macrophages can be induced by soluble and heat‐stable malarial antigens. Indirect evidence from epidemiological and in vitro studies suggests that Pf155/RESA can be considered as a candidate for triggering TNF secretion. Thus we conducted experiments to investigate the relationship between Pf155/RESA and TNF production. The SGE1 strain of Plasmodium falciparum was compared with the P. falciparum FCR3 strain, which does not express Pf155/RESA protein, for ability to induce TNF secretion by normal human macrophages in vitro. Synthetic peptides from the Pf155/RESA antigen ((EENV)4, (EENVEHDA)4, (DDEHVEEPTVA)3), were used in some experiments. TNF levels were measured by an immunoradiometric assay. We observed that the RESA‐defective strain induces lower levels of TNF after schizont rupture than the SGE1 strain. Moreover, substantial TNF secretion was detected when macrophages were incubated with all three peptides, maximum levels being obtained with the(EENV)4 peptide. Although previous reports have described TNF‐inducing activity of phospholipid from P. falciparum, these findings strengthen the evidence for Pf155/RESA antigens also being involved in TNF production during malaria.

[1]  R. Ulevitch,et al.  Control of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding and LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor secretion in human peripheral blood monocytes. , 1992, Journal of immunology.

[2]  Andrew J. McMichael,et al.  Common West African HLA antigens are associated with protection from severe malaria , 1991, Nature.

[3]  W. Fiers.  Tumor necrosis factor Characterization at the molecular, cellular and in vivo level , 1991, FEBS letters.

[4]  P. Ambroise‐Thomas,et al.  Relationships between clinical protection and antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum RESA (ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen) peptides. , 1991, International journal for parasitology.

[5]  R. Anders,et al.  Plasmodium falciparum ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen is released from merozoite dense granules after erythrocyte invasion , 1991, Infection and immunity.

[6]  A. Bjorkman,et al.  A longitudinal study of seroreactivities to Plasmodium falciparum antigens in infants and children living in a holoendemic area of Liberia. , 1991, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[7]  B. M. Greenwood,et al.  TNF concentration in fatal cerebral, non-fatal cerebral, and uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria , 1990, The Lancet.

[8]  R. Udomsangpetch,et al.  Plasmodium falciparum: differential parasite reactivity of rabbit antibodies to repeated sequences in the antigen Pf155/RESA. , 1990, Experimental parasitology.

[9]  D. Kwiatkowski,et al.  Two soluble antigens of Plasmodium falciparum induce tumor necrosis factor release from macrophages , 1990, Infection and immunity.

[10]  E. Riley,et al.  Characterization of regulatory T cell responses to defined immunodominant T cell epitopes of the Plasmodium falciparum antigen Pf155/RESA. , 1990, Immunology letters.

[11]  P. Perlmann,et al.  A longitudinal study of antibodies to the Plasmodium falciparum antigen Pf155/RESA and immunity to malaria infection in adult Liberians. , 1990, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[12]  J. Playfair,et al.  Human and murine macrophages produce TNF in response to soluble antigens of Plasmodium falciparum , 1990, Parasite immunology.

[13]  P. Ambroise‐Thomas,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor production by human macrophages stimulated in vitro by Plasmodium falciparum , 1990, Infection and immunity.

[14]  P. Vassalli,et al.  Tumor‐Necrosis Factor and other Cytokines in Cerebral Malaria: Experimental and Clinical Data , 1989, Immunological reviews.

[15]  A. Cowman,et al.  Expression of the RESA gene in Plasmodium falciparum isolate FCR3 is prevented by a subtelomeric deletion , 1989, Molecular and cellular biology.

[16]  J. Playfair,et al.  Malarial parasites induce TNF production by macrophages. , 1988, Immunology.

[17]  B. Beutler,et al.  Cachectin--Tumour necrosis factor: a cytokine that mediates injury initiated by invasive parasites. , 1987, Parasitology today.

[18]  R. Coppel,et al.  Immunization of Aotus monkeys with recombinant proteins of an erythrocyte surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum , 1986, Nature.

[19]  C. Lambros,et al.  Synchronization of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stages in culture. , 1979, The Journal of parasitology.

[20]  W. Trager,et al.  Human malaria parasites in continuous culture. , 1976, Science.

[21]  J. Playfair,et al.  Tumour necrosis factor induction by malaria exoantigens depends upon phospholipid. , 1992, Immunology.

[22]  K. Berzins.  Pf I 55/RESA is not a surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes , 1991 .

[23]  P. Ambroise‐Thomas,et al.  Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor during a longitudinal survey in an endemic area of malaria. , 1990, Acta tropica.

[24]  D. Kwiatkowski,et al.  Tumour necrosis factor production in Falciparum malaria and its association with schizont rupture. , 1989, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[25]  A. Bøyum,et al.  Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. , 1968 .