Validation of real-time man-in-the-loop simulation

Simulation is a common approach for aircraft research, training, and certification programs. Simulation is becoming a more common research approach for ground vehicles, and is being considered for training and licensing applications. Validation is a critical issue in establishing the credibility of simulator research results and training and licensing applications. Validation can involve verification of simulator component response characteristics, operator behavior and operator/simulator performance. This paper reviews simulation performance issues and consequent validation considerations. Selected examples of validation approaches are summarized, with emphasis on driving simulation.