Ultrastructure of Fungal Conidial and Spore Walls as Revealed by Freeze-Fracturing a Basis to Show Phylogenical Difference Between Pathogenic and Saprobic Cladosporium Species

This is a short review of the ultrastructure observed in various types of conidial and other kinds of fungal spores as revealed by freeze-fracturing. We conclude that on the basis of ultrastructural difference the pathogenic Cladosporium species should be transferred to another genus.

[1]  R. Christen,et al.  Phylogenetic relationships of human-pathogenic Cladosporium (Xylohypha) species inferred from partial LS rRNA sequences. , 1995, Journal of medical and veterinary mycology : bi-monthly publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.

[2]  K. Takeo,et al.  A human isolate of Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis forming a catenate synanamorph that links the genera Exophiala and Cladophialophora. , 1995, Journal of medical and veterinary mycology : bi-monthly publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.

[3]  J. M. Marston,et al.  Ultrastructure of the freeze-etched spore of Ascosphaera apis, an entomopathogenic fungus of the honeybee Apis mellifera , 1991 .

[4]  B. Wickes,et al.  Taxonomic clarification of Cladosporium trichoides Emmons and its subsequent synonyms. , 1989, Journal of medical and veterinary mycology : bi-monthly publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.

[5]  J. Latgé,et al.  Ultrastructure and composition of the conidial wall of Cladosporium cladosporioides. , 1988, Canadian journal of microbiology.

[6]  R. Beever,et al.  Rodlets on the surface of Neurospora conidia , 1981 .

[7]  W. P. Skoropad,et al.  Multilamellar surface layer of the cell wall of Albugo candida and Phycomyces blakesleeanus , 1980, Journal of bacteriology.

[8]  R. Beever,et al.  Function of rodlets on the surface of fungal spores , 1978, Nature.

[9]  H. Blumenthal,et al.  Isolation and characterization of the rodlet layer of Trichophyton mentagrophytes microconidial wall , 1976, Journal of bacteriology.

[10]  T. Hasegawa.  Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes studied by freeze-etching. , 1975, Sabouraudia.

[11]  W. M. Hess,et al.  Surface characteristics of Aspergillus conidia. , 1969, Mycologia.

[12]  W. M. Hess,et al.  Surface Characteristics of Penicillium Conidia , 1968 .

[13]  J. Guarro,et al.  RODLET STRUCTURE ON THE SURFACE OF CHAETOMIUM SPORES , 1988 .

[14]  K. Kwon-Chung,et al.  Comparative study of an isolate resembling Banti's fungus with Cladosporium trichoides. , 1983, Sabouraudia.

[15]  Brain Ap,et al.  Ultrastructure of the asexual apparatus in Mycotypha (Mucorales). , 1979 .

[16]  T. Ikeda,et al.  Alterations of Rhizopus Sporangiospores, Especially the Cellular Envelope during Maturation, as Observed by Freeze-Etching , 1976 .