Assessment of nutritional status in rhesus monkeys: comparison of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and stable isotope dilution

Abstract:  Body composition estimates from dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and stable isotope dilution (2H and 18O) were compared in 61 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) from the ongoing long‐term energy restriction study at the University of Wisconsin. Their average age was 18.9 ± 2.5 y/o. Of the animals, 51% were in the energy restricted group and 38% were females. Although the correlation between methods was highly significant for fat mass (R2 = 0.97, SEE = 0.25 kg or 7.5%, P < 0.0001) and fat‐free mass (R2 = 0.98, SEE = 0.29 kg or 3.6%, P < 0.0001), we observed that dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry underestimated fat mass by 0.67 ± 0.26 kg (7.5%, P < 0.0001) and overestimated fat‐free mass by 0.57 ± 0.29 kg (20%, P < 0.0001) when compared with isotope dilution. Taken together with data from the literature, the present results emphasize the usefulness of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry to derive body composition and thus nutritional status in monkeys, but demonstrate the importance of validation experiments for a given DXA model and software.

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