Bioartificial Pancreas: Status and Bottlenecks

The aim of this review is to discuss the potential of bioartificial pancreatic systems in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, to show 1) that this approach represents a most attractive way for developing a closed-loop insulin delivery system, an important issue in diabetes research; 2) that there is some evidence that systems can be designed which respond to the definition of a bioartificial pancreas by displaying appropriate properties, and are able to correct experimental diabetes in animals; 3) that, however, some major questions remain unsolved, and need to be tackled in order to proceed to the development of systems which are clinically relevant. As will be pointed out in this review, the predominant obstacle in this matter is related to the biocompatibility of the outer membrane of the bioartificial pancreas, a problem shared in the development of glucose sensors and pump catheters which are parts of artificial endocrine pancreas, and more generally by the development of any implantable artificial system.

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