Trends of IoT

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects or "things “embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data. The Internet of Things allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration between the physical world and computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit. Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded computing system but is able to interoperate within the existing Internet infrastructure. Experts estimate that the IoT will consist of almost 50 billion objects by 2020. The IoT is enabled by the latest developments in RFID, smart sensors, communication technologies, and Internet protocols. The basic premise is to have smart sensors collaborate directly without human involvement to deliver a new class, of applications. The current revolution in Internet, mobile, and machine-to-machine (M2M) technologies can be seen as the first phase of the IoT. In the coming years, the IoT is expected to bridge diverse technologies to enable new applications by connecting physical objects together in support of intelligent decision making. IOT mainly contains six elements to manage its operations identification, sensing, communication, computation, services and semantics. Single Board Computers (SBCs) integrated with sensors and built-in TCP/IP and security functionalities are typically used to realize IoT products (e.g., Arduino Yun, Raspberry PI, Beagle Bone Black, etc.). Such devices typically connect to a central management portal to provide the required data by customers. IOT uses IPv6 addresses to exchange the data between physical objects. IoT protocols are divided into four broad categories, namely: application protocols, service discovery protocols, infrastructure protocols and other influential protocols. Common Operating Systems that are used in IoT environments are Tiny OS, Contiki, Lite OS, Riot OS and Android. Smart buildings, Smart home, smart Grids, smart City and smart healthcare are different services that are provided by IoT.