장용영 내영의 향색제조 역할과 재정확보 과정

Jang’yong-yeong was a central military office which reflected king Jeongjo’s personal determination and will. Unlike other offices, the purpose of the office remains rather unclear, but it seems that it went through a turbulent infant period as well. As a result, it is hard to determine the nature of the intention that was behind the opening of this very office. And it is also still unclear how Jang’yong-yeong secured or managed its own budget. Unlike other military headquarters, its trail of income was not constant. It did not collect any object taxes like Hullyeon Dogam did, and it did not have any income in the form of military-tagged textile products [through the operations of Boin(保人) figures] like Geum’wi-yeong or Eo’yeong-cheong. So, financial management of the Jang’yong-yeong office must have been deeply connected with King Jeongjo’s own financial plans. In his early days, King Jeongjo considered the matter of finance as the most crucial issue in public welfare. So naturally, he was hesitant to establish an entirely new office from scratch, as it would only increase financial pressure and burden upon the government. He wanted to solve the problem from a different angle. In the early days of his reign, he tried to grasp the entire size of central finance, and tried to find a way to handle financial operations. In the wake of such effort, the Jang’yong-yeong office tried to secure necessary resources from left-over budgets of other offices, or tried to maintain itself (which was a rather big office) by tapping into garrison farm managements and the Hwan’gok institution, which were all popular methods of securing financial resources. And it was another way of effectively doing politics while not being blamed.