Quality-aware business process management

Business Process Management (BPM) has emerged as a popular management approach in both Information Technology (IT) and management practice. While there has been much research on business process modelling and the BPM life cycle, there has been little attention given to managing the quality of a business process during its life cycle. This study addresses this gap by providing a framework for organisations to manage the quality of business processes during different phases of the BPM life cycle. This study employs a multi-method research design which is based on the design science approach and the action research methodology. During the design science phase, the artifacts to model a quality-aware business process were developed. These artifacts were then evaluated through three cycles of action research which were conducted within three large Australian-based organisations. This study contributes to the body of BPM knowledge in a number of ways. Firstly, it presents a quality-aware BPM life cycle that provides a framework on how quality can be incorporated into a business process and subsequently managed during the BPM life cycle. Secondly, it provides a framework to capture and model quality requirements of a business process as a set of measurable elements that can be incorporated into the business process model. Finally, it proposes a novel root cause analysis technique for determining the causes of quality issues within business processes.

[1]  Robert M. Davison,et al.  Principles of canonical action research , 2004, Inf. Syst. J..

[2]  Quan Z. Sheng,et al.  Quality driven web services composition , 2003, WWW '03.

[3]  James Lyle Peterson,et al.  Petri net theory and the modeling of systems , 1981 .

[4]  J. Alcantud Weak utilities from acyclicity , 1999 .

[5]  Oussama Ben Khadra,et al.  Goal-centric traceability for managing non-functional requirements , 2005, Proceedings. 27th International Conference on Software Engineering, 2005. ICSE 2005..

[6]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Root Cause Analysis in Business Processes , 2008 .

[7]  Kees M. van Hee,et al.  Workflow Management: Models, Methods, and Systems , 2002, Cooperative information systems.

[8]  Samuel K.M. Ho Operations and Quality Management , 1999 .

[9]  Michael L. Brodie On conceptual modelling - perspectives from artificial intelligence, databases and programming languages , 1984, Topics in information systems.

[10]  Lars Michael Kristensen,et al.  Coloured Petri Nets and CPN Tools for modelling and validation of concurrent systems , 2007, International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer.

[11]  Lawrence Chung,et al.  Dealing with Non-Functional Requirements: Three Experimental Studies of a Process-Oriented Approach , 1995, 1995 17th International Conference on Software Engineering.

[12]  Mathias Weske,et al.  Business Process Management: Concepts, Languages, Architectures , 2007 .

[13]  Jörgen Sandberg Understanding Human Competence at Work: An Interpretative Approach , 2000 .

[14]  Dina Neiger,et al.  Value-Focused Business Process Engineering: A Systems Approach: With Applications to Human Resource Management , 2008 .

[15]  T. C. Powell Total Quality Management as Competitive Advantage , 1995 .

[16]  Edward D. Arnheiter,et al.  The integration of lean management and Six Sigma , 2005 .

[17]  Neil A. M. Maiden,et al.  PRiM: An i*-based process reengineering method for information systems specification , 2008, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[18]  Lawrence Chung,et al.  Metrics for Software Adaptability , 2001 .

[19]  Omar El Sawy,et al.  Building an Information System Design Theory for Vigilant EIS , 1992, Inf. Syst. Res..

[20]  Michael Rosemann,et al.  Potential pitfalls of process modeling: part A , 2006, Bus. Process. Manag. J..

[21]  Sandeep Purao,et al.  Being Proactive: Where Action Research Meets Design Research , 2005, ICIS.

[22]  Donald R. Cooper,et al.  Business Research Methods , 1980 .

[23]  Thomas H. Davenport,et al.  The New Industrial Engineering: Information Technology and Business Process Redesign , 2011 .

[24]  Kurt Jensen,et al.  A Brief Introduction to Coloured Petri Nets , 1997, TACAS.

[25]  Michael L. George,et al.  Lean Six Sigma : combining Six Sigma quality with lean speed , 2002 .

[26]  Ronald D. Snee,et al.  Six–Sigma: the evolution of 100 years of business improvement methodology , 2004 .

[27]  Bill Curtis,et al.  Process modeling , 1992, CACM.

[28]  Lars Michael Kristensen,et al.  The practitioner’s guide to coloured Petri nets , 1998, International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer.

[29]  Stephen Shaoyi Liao,et al.  Exploring Alternatives during Requirements Analysis , 2001, IEEE Softw..

[30]  Roger G. Schroeder,et al.  A FRAMEWORK AND MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT FOR JUST‐IN‐TIME MANUFACTURING , 1993 .

[31]  Michael Rosemann,et al.  Process Management: A Guide for the Design of Business Processes , 2011 .

[32]  James H. Harrington,et al.  Business Process Improvement Workbook: Documentation, Analysis, Design, and Management of Business Process Improvement , 1997 .

[33]  Robert W. Zmud,et al.  A Synthesis of Research on Requirements Analysis and Knowledge Acquisition Techniques , 1992, MIS Q..

[34]  Daan Andriessen,et al.  Combining design-based research and action research to test management solutions , 2006 .

[35]  K. Ishikawa What is total quality control the japanese way , 2002 .

[36]  Marlon Dumas,et al.  Towards A Semantic Framework for Service Description , 2001, DS-9.

[37]  Michael Rosemann,et al.  Understanding context-awareness in business process design , 2006 .

[38]  Axel van Lamsweerde,et al.  Reasoning about partial goal satisfaction for requirements and design engineering , 2004, SIGSOFT '04/FSE-12.

[39]  John Mingers,et al.  The paucity of multimethod research: a review of the information systems literature , 2003, Inf. Syst. J..

[40]  José M. Tribolet,et al.  Representing organizational competencies , 2007, SAC '07.

[41]  M. Porter Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance , 1985 .

[42]  Diane M. Strong,et al.  Beyond Accuracy: What Data Quality Means to Data Consumers , 1996, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[43]  H Isakari,et al.  JUST IN TIME MANUFACTURING , 1988 .

[44]  Michael Hammer,et al.  Reengineering Work: Don’t Automate, Obliterate , 1990 .

[45]  Jörg Becker,et al.  Guidelines of Business Process Modeling , 2000, Business Process Management.

[46]  Joe Ghetie,et al.  Management concepts , 2001 .

[47]  Christopher J. Pavlovski,et al.  Non-Functional Requirements in Business Process Modeling , 2008, APCCM.

[48]  Paul Harmon,et al.  Business Process Change: A Manager's Guide to Improving, Redesigning & Automating Process , 2002 .

[49]  Leo Pipino,et al.  Total Data Quality Management: The Case of IRI , 1997, IQ.

[50]  Annie I. Antón,et al.  Goal-based requirements analysis , 1996, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Requirements Engineering.

[51]  Fausto Giunchiglia,et al.  Tropos: An Agent-Oriented Software Development Methodology , 2004, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.

[52]  Fabio Casati,et al.  Improving Business Process Quality through Exception Understanding, Prediction, and Prevention , 2001, VLDB.

[53]  D. Mcclelland Testing for competence rather than for "intelligence". , 1973, The American psychologist.

[54]  Yair Wand,et al.  Goal-Driven Analysis of Process Model Validity , 2004, CAiSE.

[55]  M. Rosemann,et al.  Integrating Risks in Business Process Models , 2005 .

[56]  John Mingers,et al.  Combining IS Research Methods: Towards a Pluralist Methodology , 2001, Inf. Syst. Res..

[57]  Henri Barki,et al.  Communication as a dimension of user participation , 2001 .

[58]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Metrics for Process Models: Empirical Foundations of Verification, Error Prediction, and Guidelines for Correctness , 2008, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing.

[59]  C. A. Anderson,et al.  A three‐dimensional perspective of total quality management , 1998 .

[60]  C. A. Petri Fundamentals of a Theory of Asynchronous Information Flow , 1962, IFIP Congress.

[61]  Praveen Gupta,et al.  Six Sigma Deployment , 2003 .

[62]  Christopher Ittner,et al.  Exploratory Evidence on the Behavior of Quality Costs , 1996, Oper. Res..

[63]  Peter Kawalek,et al.  Goal-based business process models: creation and evaluation , 1997, Bus. Process. Manag. J..

[64]  K. Eisenhardt Building theories from case study research , 1989, STUDI ORGANIZZATIVI.

[65]  Mike Chiasson,et al.  Pluralist action research: a review of the information systems literature * , 2009, Inf. Syst. J..

[66]  Richard L. Marcellus,et al.  Interactive process quality improvement , 1991 .

[67]  Howard Smith,et al.  Business Process Management: The Third Wave , 2003 .

[68]  J. A. de Bruijn,et al.  Process management , 2002 .

[69]  Sang M. Lee,et al.  Just‐in‐Time Production System : Some Requirements for Implementation , 1984 .

[70]  Annie I. Antón,et al.  The use of goals to surface requirements for evolving systems , 1998, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software Engineering.

[71]  Joseph Moses Juran,et al.  Quality-control handbook , 1951 .

[72]  K. Y. Paul Puah,et al.  Business process management, a consolidation of BPR and TQM , 2000 .

[73]  M. Gibbel,et al.  Methodology for physics and engineering of reliable products , 1996, Wescon/96.

[74]  Jörg Desel,et al.  Free choice Petri nets , 1995 .

[75]  Colette Rolland,et al.  A Multi-Model View of Process Modelling , 1999, Requirements Engineering.

[76]  Namchul Shin,et al.  Business process reengineering and performance improvement: The case of Chase Manhattan Bank , 2002, Bus. Process. Manag. J..

[77]  Andrzej Cichocki,et al.  Modeling and Composing Service-Based nd Reference Process-Based Multi-enterprise Processes , 2000, CAiSE.

[78]  H. D. Rombach,et al.  The Goal Question Metric Approach , 1994 .

[79]  Pierre-Yves Schobbens,et al.  A More Expressive Softgoal Conceptualization for Quality Requirements Analysis , 2006, ER.

[80]  Diane M. Strong,et al.  Information quality benchmarks: product and service performance , 2002, CACM.

[81]  Guttorm Sindre,et al.  Evaluating the Quality of Process Models: Empirical Testing of a Quality Framework , 2002, ER.

[82]  Pericles Loucopoulos,et al.  System Requirements Engineering , 1995, System Requirements Engineering.

[83]  Alan R. Hevner,et al.  Design Science in Information Systems Research , 2004, MIS Q..

[84]  Philip B. Crosby,et al.  Quality Is Free: The Art of Making Quality Certain , 1979 .

[85]  Diane M. Strong,et al.  AIMQ: a methodology for information quality assessment , 2002, Inf. Manag..

[86]  Armand V. Feigenbaum,et al.  Total quality control , 1961 .

[87]  Ian Beeson,et al.  Modelling non-functional requirements of business processes , 2007, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[88]  E. Kavakli,et al.  Experiences with goal-oriented modeling of organizational change , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews).

[89]  W. A. Shewhart,et al.  Statistical method from the viewpoint of quality control , 1939 .

[90]  Phillip Cykana,et al.  DoD Guidelines on Data Quality Management , 1996, IQ.

[91]  Bashar Nuseibeh,et al.  Requirements engineering: a roadmap , 2000, ICSE '00.

[92]  Shensheng Zhang,et al.  Interactive Web service choice-making based on extended QoS model , 2006 .

[93]  William H. Woodall,et al.  The State of Statistical Process Control as We Proceed into the 21st Century , 2000 .

[94]  John Mylopoulos,et al.  Towards requirements-driven information systems engineering: the Tropos project , 2002, Inf. Syst..

[95]  R. Baumeister,et al.  Writing Narrative Literature Reviews , 1997, Review of General Psychology.

[96]  Eitan Zemel,et al.  Managing Business Process Flows , 1999 .

[97]  Salvatore T. March,et al.  Design and natural science research on information technology , 1995, Decis. Support Syst..

[98]  Leon J. Osterweil,et al.  Software processes are software too , 1987, ISPW.

[99]  David Sinclair,et al.  Performance measurement as an obstacle to TQM , 1995 .

[100]  Stephen Fickas,et al.  Goal-Directed Requirements Acquisition , 1993, Sci. Comput. Program..

[101]  G. Susman,et al.  An Assessment of the Scientific Merits of Action Research. , 1978 .

[102]  Colette Rolland,et al.  REASONING WITH GOALS TO ENGINEER REQUIREMENTS , 2004 .

[103]  Evangelia Kavakli,et al.  Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering: A Unifying Framework , 2002, Requirements Engineering.

[104]  Richard Baskerville,et al.  Special issue on action research in information systems: making is research relevant to practice--foreword , 2004 .

[105]  Azriel Levy Basic set theory , 1979 .

[106]  Jiju Antony,et al.  Six sigma for service processes , 2006, Bus. Process. Manag. J..

[107]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Quality metrics for business process models , 2007 .

[108]  Tadao Murata,et al.  Petri nets: Properties, analysis and applications , 1989, Proc. IEEE.

[109]  Richard T. Watson,et al.  Analyzing the Past to Prepare for the Future: Writing a Literature Review , 2002, MIS Q..

[110]  Paolo Donzelli,et al.  A goal-driven and agent-based requirements engineering framework* , 2004, Requirements Engineering.

[111]  Vijay K. Vaishnavi,et al.  Design Science Research Methods and Patterns: Innovating Information and Communication Technology , 2007 .

[112]  Naji Habra,et al.  An information model for software quality measurement with ISO standards , 2005 .

[113]  Joyce J. Elam,et al.  Inside a software design team: knowledge acquisition, sharing, and integration , 1993, CACM.

[114]  Frank Siqueira,et al.  The QoS-MO ontology for semantic QoS modeling , 2008, SAC '08.

[115]  Lyle M. Spencer,et al.  Competence at Work: Models for Superior Performance , 1993 .

[116]  August-Wilhelm Scheer,et al.  Process Modeling Using Event-Driven Process Chains , 2005, Process-Aware Information Systems.

[117]  Julio Cesar Sampaio do Prado Leite,et al.  Perspectives on software requirements , 2004 .

[118]  D. Coghlan,et al.  Doing Action Research in Your Own Organization , 2000 .

[119]  Ludwig Benner,et al.  ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: MULTILINEAR EVENTS SEQUENCING METHODS , 1975 .

[120]  A. R. Crathorne,et al.  Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product. , 1933 .