Óleo de copaíba (Copaifera sp.): histórico, extração, aplicações industriais e propriedades medicinais

The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review concerning the genus Copaifera sp. The survey involved the period from 1792 to 2008 and was done in the libraries of University of Sao Paulo, Federal University of Vicosa, Federal University of Alfenas and University Jose do Rosario Vellano, using SCOPUS and PubMed databases, and web search engines. The words "Copaiba", "Copaifera," "Oleo de copaiba" and "Copaiba oil" were used. This research resulted in the selection of 63 references including books, articles, technical specifications, conference abstracts, theses, dissertations and patents. These data indicate copaiba oil is an exudate from copaiba trees, produced as a defense against their predators and that has been used in traditional, popular and forestry medicine for over 500 years. It is extracted from trees through holes made in their trunks. Besides the oil applications in cosmetic and other industries, there are still a number of indications for its use in medicine. So far, dozens of different medicinal properties have been described and, in some cases, scientifically proven, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. Recent studies have also shown great potential for the use of copaiba oil in dentistry like in endodontic cement composition, as well as in the prevention and therapy of periodontal diseases. This work showed a great variety of applications to copaiba oil. However, few studies on its medicinal properties have been performed, showing thus the need for further research.

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