Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM) for Metallic Residues

Abstract : Heterogeneous distribution of metallic residues in surface soils creates unique challenges for collecting soil samples that provide representative and reproducible results. In particular, soils containing metal fragments at military training ranges, such as small-arms ranges, are especially problematic to analyze owing to their large compositional and distributional (i.e., spatial) heterogeneities. The recognition of the heterogeneous nature of energetic residues in surface soils at military training ranges resulted in significant changes to the field sampling and sample processing procedures for energetics as described in United States Environmental Protection Agency (USPEA) SW-846 Method 8330B. The incremental sampling methodology (ISM) of Method 8330B for energetics was modified to develop a similar approach for metals. The approach has been successfully implemented to analyze surface soils with metallic residues at several active and inactive military training ranges. In most cases, ISM produced results more representative and reproducible than results from conventional grab (i.e., discrete) sampling and analysis procedures for surface soils collected from small-arms ranges containing metallic residues.

[1]  Gordon Gooch,et al.  Evaluation of sampling and sample preparation modifications for soil containing metallic residues , 2012 .

[2]  A. Bednar,et al.  Challenges and successes in using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for measurements of tungsten in environmental water and soil samples , 2010 .

[3]  K. Bjella,et al.  Subsampling Variance for 2,4-DNT in Firing Point Soils , 2007 .

[4]  W. T. Jones,et al.  Metal Residue Deposition from Military Pyrotechnic Devices and Field Sampling Guidance , 2012 .

[5]  Dennis J. Lambert,et al.  Fate and Transport of Tungsten at Camp Edwards Small Arms Ranges , 2007 .

[7]  C. Nestler,et al.  Coupling of oxygen and pH requirements for effective microwave-assisted digestion of soils for tungsten analysis. , 2009 .

[8]  N. Korte,et al.  Sample preparation and digestion considerations for determining metal deposition at small arms ranges , 2010 .

[9]  T. Georgian,et al.  The Limits of Method Detection Limits A simple, cost-effective alternative to the MDL procedure protects against false positives and other problems , 2004 .

[10]  A. Bednar,et al.  The effects of grinding methods on metals concentrations in soil. , 2008, Talanta.

[11]  N. Korte,et al.  Environmental fate of tungsten from military use. , 2009, The Science of the total environment.

[12]  S. Hill,et al.  Methodologies for determination of antimony in terrestrial environmental samples. , 2000, Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM.

[13]  D. Kimbrough,et al.  Acid digestion for sediments, sludges, soils, and solid wastes. A proposed alternative to EPA SW 846 Method 3050 , 1989 .

[14]  Kenneth E. Osborn,et al.  The limits of method detection limits , 2004 .

[15]  D. R. Johnson,et al.  A modified acid digestion procedure for extraction of tungsten from soil. , 2010, Talanta.

[16]  Francis F. Pitard,et al.  Pierre Gy's Sampling Theory and Sampling Practice. Heterogeneity, Sampling Correctness, and Statistical Process Control , 1993 .

[17]  Michael R. Walsh.  User's manual for the CRREL multi-increment sampling tool , 2009 .

[18]  A. Hewitt,et al.  Comment on "Acid digestion for sediments, sludges, soils, and solid wastes. A proposed alternative to EPA SW 846 Method 3050" , 1991 .

[19]  N. Korte,et al.  The Distribution of Metals in Soils and Pore Water at Three U.S. Military Training Facilities , 2009 .