Light quality controls shoot elongation through regulation of multiple hormones

Plants that grow in dense vegetations often compete for light and display a suite of adaptive responses, referred to as the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). The SAS is comprised of enhanced elongation of stems, petioles and hypocotyls, movement of leaves to a more vertical position, enhanced apical dominance and early flowering.1,2 Most of these responses help plants to position their photosynthetic organs in the better lit, upper zones of a canopy.

[1]  R. Pierik,et al.  Auxin and Ethylene Regulate Elongation Responses to Neighbor Proximity Signals Independent of Gibberellin and DELLA Proteins in Arabidopsis1[C][W][OA] , 2009, Plant Physiology.

[2]  R. Pierik,et al.  The Regulation of Cell Wall Extensibility during Shade Avoidance: A Study Using Two Contrasting Ecotypes of Stellaria longipes1[C][OA] , 2008, Plant Physiology.

[3]  Joanne Chory,et al.  Rapid Synthesis of Auxin via a New Tryptophan-Dependent Pathway Is Required for Shade Avoidance in Plants , 2008, Cell.

[4]  R. Pierik,et al.  DELLA protein function in growth responses to canopy signals. , 2007, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[5]  D. Cosgrove Growth of the plant cell wall , 2005, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[6]  R. Pierik,et al.  Reaching out of the shade. , 2005, Current opinion in plant biology.

[7]  J. Benschop,et al.  Ethylene regulates fast apoplastic acidification and expansin A transcription during submergence-induced petiole elongation in Rumex palustris. , 2005, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[8]  R. Pierik,et al.  Interactions between Ethylene and Gibberellins in Phytochrome-Mediated Shade Avoidance Responses in Tobacco1 , 2004, Plant Physiology.

[9]  R. Pierik,et al.  Canopy studies on ethylene-insensitive tobacco identify ethylene as a novel element in blue light and plant-plant signalling. , 2004, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[10]  H. Kende,et al.  Expression of beta-expansins is correlated with internodal elongation in deepwater rice. , 2001, Plant physiology.

[11]  G. Morelli,et al.  Shade avoidance responses. Driving auxin along lateral routes. , 2000, Plant physiology.

[12]  A. Bennett,et al.  Auxin-regulated genes encoding cell wall-modifying proteins are expressed during early tomato fruit growth. , 2000, Plant physiology.

[13]  S. McInnis,et al.  Expansins are conserved in conifers and expressed in hypocotyls in response to exogenous auxin. , 1999, Plant physiology.

[14]  C. Ballaré,et al.  Keeping up with the neighbours: phytochrome sensing and other signalling mechanisms. , 1999, Trends in plant science.

[15]  A. Bennett,et al.  Expression of a divergent expansin gene is fruit-specific and ripening-regulated. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[16]  Y. Kamiya,et al.  Phytochrome, Gibberellins, and Hypocotyl Growth (A Study Using the Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) long hypocotyl Mutant) , 1995, Plant physiology.

[17]  J. B. Reid,et al.  Gibberellins and phytochrome regulation of stem elongation in pea , 1994, Planta.

[18]  H. Smith,et al.  The function of phytochrome in plants growing in the natural environment , 1975, Nature.

[19]  Harry Smith,et al.  Reflection signals and the perception by phytochrome of the proximity of neighbouring vegetation , 1990 .