Usage Considerations of 3D Collaborative Virtual Learning Environments to Promote Development and Transfer of Knowledge and Skills for Individuals with Autism

This emerging technology report explores three-dimensional collaborative virtual learning environments (3D CVLEs) as an intervention modality with potential to foster development of knowledge and skills for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Affordances and unique characteristics of 3D CVLEs are detailed and considered from the perspectives of learning, instruction, and assessment. Research suggests that 3D CVLEs can promote acquisition of social and communicative competencies for individuals with ASD in a safe and controllable manner. However, substantial challenges still exist related to overexposure and cybersickness. This report provides an analysis of current trends in the field, along with considerations of relevance and integration challenges with this unique learner population. Implications for further research are discussed.

[1]  D. Moore,et al.  Collaborative Virtual Environment Technology for People With Autism , 2005 .

[2]  James M. Laffey,et al.  Visualizing Behavioral Data from a 3D Virtual Learning Environment: A Preliminary Study , 2012, 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[3]  Young Youn Kim,et al.  Characteristic changes in the physiological components of cybersickness. , 2005, Psychophysiology.

[4]  O. Grynszpan,et al.  Innovative technology-based interventions for autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis , 2014, Autism : the international journal of research and practice.

[5]  Peter Mitchell,et al.  Virtual environments for social skills training: comments from two adolescents with autistic spectrum disorder , 2006, Comput. Educ..

[6]  Xianhui Wang,et al.  Developing methods for understanding social behavior in a 3D virtual learning environment , 2012, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[7]  Daniel Gepner,et al.  Self-Monitoring of Gaze in High Functioning Autism , 2012, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[8]  John R. Wilson,et al.  Virtual Reality-Induced Symptoms and Effects (VRISE) , 1999, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[9]  N. Newbutt,et al.  Brief Report: A Pilot Study of the Use of a Virtual Reality Headset in Autism Populations , 2016, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[10]  Kerstin Dautenhahn,et al.  Design issues on interactive environments for children with autism , 2000 .

[11]  Patricia Howlin,et al.  Autism: Preparing for Adulthood , 1996 .

[12]  M. Turk,et al.  Transformed social interaction, augmented gaze, and social influence in immersive virtual environments , 2005 .

[13]  K. Sofronoff,et al.  A multi-component social skills intervention for children with Asperger syndrome: the Junior Detective Training Program. , 2008, Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines.

[14]  J. Bailenson,et al.  Social Attention in a Virtual Public Speaking Task in Higher Functioning Children With Autism , 2013, Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research.

[15]  Patrice L. Weiss,et al.  Effectiveness of virtual reality for teaching street-crossing skills to children and adolescents with autism , 2008 .

[16]  Victoria Knight,et al.  A Review of Technology-Based Interventions to Teach Academic Skills to Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder , 2013, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.

[17]  J. Loomis,et al.  Interpersonal Distance in Immersive Virtual Environments , 2003, Personality & social psychology bulletin.

[18]  Sean P. Goggins,et al.  3D Virtual Worlds: Assessing the Experience and Informing Design , 2011, Int. J. Soc. Organ. Dyn. IT.

[19]  P. Mitchell,et al.  The potential of virtual reality in social skills training for people with autistic spectrum disorders. , 2002, Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR.

[20]  Fengfeng Ke,et al.  Virtual-Reality-Based Social Interaction Training for Children with High-Functioning Autism , 2013 .

[21]  J. Bailenson,et al.  Transformed social interaction in mediated interpersonal communication , 2008 .

[22]  J. Bailenson,et al.  The Use of Immersive Virtual Reality in the Learning Sciences: Digital Transformations of Teachers, Students, and Social Context , 2008 .

[23]  J. Gibson The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception , 1979 .

[24]  M. Carter Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. , 2014 .

[25]  A. Billard,et al.  Building Robota, a Mini-Humanoid Robot for the Rehabilitation of Children With Autism , 2007, Assistive technology : the official journal of RESNA.

[26]  Patricia Howlin,et al.  Psychological and Educational Treatments for Autism , 1998 .

[27]  Elizabeth F. Churchill,et al.  Collaborative virtual environments: An introductory review of issues and systems , 1998, Virtual Reality.

[28]  S. Baron-Cohen,et al.  Enhancing Emotion Recognition in Children with Autism Spectrum Conditions: An Intervention Using Animated Vehicles with Real Emotional Faces , 2010, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[29]  A. Whiten,et al.  Transfer of the Picture-in-the-Head Analogy to Natural Contexts to Aid False Belief Understanding in Autism , 1998 .

[30]  Mark S. Dennison,et al.  Use of physiological signals to predict cybersickness , 2016, Displays.

[31]  David J. Brown,et al.  Virtual Reality in the Rehabilitation of People with Intellectual Disabilities: Review , 2005, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[32]  P. Mitchell,et al.  Do adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders adhere to social conventions in virtual environments? , 2005, Autism : the international journal of research and practice.

[33]  K. Squire Open-Ended Video Games: A Model for Developing Learning for the Interactive Age , 2007 .

[34]  Janet B W Williams,et al.  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 2013 .

[35]  P. Howlin Practitioner review: psychological and educational treatments for autism. , 1998, Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines.

[36]  Jeremy N. Bailenson,et al.  The Unbearable Likeness of Being Digital: The Persistence of Nonverbal Social Norms in Online Virtual Environments , 2007, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[37]  D Strickland,et al.  Virtual reality for the treatment of autism. , 1997, Studies in health technology and informatics.

[38]  Christopher Gillberg,et al.  Autism after Adolescence: Population-based 13- to 22-year Follow-up Study of 120 Individuals with Autism Diagnosed in Childhood , 2005, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[39]  Lorna Wing,et al.  The Continuum of Autistic Characteristics , 1988 .

[40]  James M. Laffey,et al.  Smart 3D collaborative virtual learning environments: A preliminary framework , 2012, J. Ambient Intell. Smart Environ..

[41]  Cynthia Putnam,et al.  Software and technologies designed for people with autism: what do users want? , 2008, Assets '08.

[42]  Crystal L. Hoyt,et al.  Immersive Virtual Environment Technology as a Methodological Tool for Social Psychology , 2002 .

[43]  Barney Dalgarno,et al.  Exploring the relationship between afforded learning tasks and learning benefits in 3D virtual learning environments , 2012 .

[44]  Carlos Delgado Kloos,et al.  Collaborative learning in multi-user virtual environments , 2013, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[45]  Sarah Parsons,et al.  Authenticity in virtual reality for assessment and intervention in Autism: a conceptual review , 2016 .

[46]  Steve Benford,et al.  Applied virtual environments to support learning of social interaction skills in users with Asperger's Syndrome , 2002, Digit. Creativity.

[47]  L. Lee,et al.  Children with Autism: Quality of Life and Parental Concerns , 2008, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.