Early events in the activation of plant defense responses

Resistance in many plant-pathogen interactions is accompanied by the rapid deployment of a multicomponent defense response. The individual compo­ nents of this include the hypersensitive response (HR)!, chemical weapons such as antimicrobial phytoalexins and hydrolytic enzymes, and structural defensive barriers such as lignin and hydroxyproline-rich cell wall proteins. Signals for activation of these various defenses are thought to be initiated in response to recognition of pathogen avirulence determinants (elicitors) by plant receptors. The defense response may be induced specifically (deter­ mined by the avirulent genotype of the pathogen race and the resistant genotype of the host cultivar) or nonspecifically by a range of biotic and

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