A complementary ubiquitous service bundling method using service complementarity index

Research highlights? This paper proposes an u-service bundling methodology to enhance the effectiveness of composed services by increasing complementary. ? A complementarity index (CI) between two services is proposed for ubiquitous computing environment. ? The proposed bundling method is more effective than the previous bundling method based on case-based reasoning. The goal of ubiquitous services (u-service) is to unobtrusively, transparently satisfy user's needs at anytime, any place. Since user's needs are both diverse and ad hoc, any single service alone may be inadequate to address those needs: occasionally two or more services should be co-executed. Hence, a context-based, dynamic ubiquitous service composition or bundling would be an ideal match. To date, studies on u-service composition have focused primarily on the efficiency of the composition, while few studies have focused on effectiveness in terms of user satisfaction relating to the u-service composition. This paper proposes an u-service bundling methodology based on service complementarity to enhance service effectiveness. To do so, we develop a complementarity index between u-services to provide the users with relevant services. To demonstrate the feasibility of the ideas proposed in this paper, we create a prototype system and discuss results of its experiments.