Privacy and Participation: Personal Information and Public Sector Regulation in the United States

. The Goals of Data Protection Law 557 A. Participation and Individual Self-Determination 558 B. The Participatory Model of Data Protection Law 563 II. American Data Protection Law in the Public Sector 565 A. Constitutional Law: Deliberative Democracy and Deliberative Autonomy 566 1. Associational Privacy 567 2. The Right to Vote 569 3. The Fourth Amendment 571 4. Informational Privacy 574 a. "[A]voiding disclosure of personal matters" 575 b. "[I]ndependence in decisionmaking" 581 B. Federal Legislation: The Privacy Act and the Participatory Model 582 1. Creation of a Statutory Fabric of Defined Obligations 583 a. The Routine Use Exemption 584 b. Computer Matching 587 2. Maintenance of Transparent Processing Systems 589 a. The Privacy Act and Transparency 590 b. The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and Transparency 592 3. Assignment of Procedural and Substantive Rights to the Individual 595 4. Establishment of Governmental Oversight of