On improving Dynamic Time Warping for pattern matching

Abstract This paper introduces a new distance metric function to enhance the capability of the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) for two dimension pattern matching. Moreover, the classical boundary condition is relaxed to further improve the performance of the DTW. An efficient approach for constructing the warping path is presented to reduce computational execution time in detecting eye and face regions in head–shoulder images with plain background. The performance of the enhanced DTW is compared against that of the classical DTW in detecting the faces and eyes of 15 subjects with various poses and facial expressions. The experimental results indicate that improvement in the detection rates of both eyes and faces is achieved using the enhanced DTW.

[1]  Mohamed Rizon,et al.  Iris detection using intensity and edge information , 2003, Pattern Recognit..

[2]  S. Chiba,et al.  Dynamic programming algorithm optimization for spoken word recognition , 1978 .

[3]  Donald J. Berndt,et al.  Using Dynamic Time Warping to Find Patterns in Time Series , 1994, KDD Workshop.

[4]  Zhi-Hua Zhou,et al.  Projection functions for eye detection , 2004, Pattern Recognit..

[5]  Osamu Yamaguchi,et al.  Facial Feature Point Extraction Method Based on Combination of Shape Extraction and Pattern Matching , 1998 .

[6]  R. Manmatha,et al.  Word image matching using dynamic time warping , 2003, 2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[7]  Muzaffar Bashir,et al.  Reduced Dynamic Time Warping for Handwriting Recognition Based on Multidimensional Time Series of a Novel Pen Device , 2008 .

[8]  Svetha Venkatesh,et al.  THRESHOLD DYNAMIC TIME WARPING FOR SPATIAL ACTIVITY RECOGNITION , 2007 .

[9]  Ja-Ling Wu,et al.  Automatic facial feature extraction by genetic algorithms , 1999, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[10]  Hamzah Arof,et al.  A New Approach for an Efficient DTW in Face Detection through Eyes Localization , 2011 .

[11]  Hans-Peter Kriegel,et al.  Periodic Pattern Analysis in Time Series Databases , 2009, DASFAA.

[12]  W. Eric L. Grimson,et al.  Object Detection and Localization by Dynamic Template Warping , 1998, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[13]  Eamonn J. Keogh,et al.  Exact indexing of dynamic time warping , 2002, Knowledge and Information Systems.

[14]  Qiang Wang,et al.  Elastic Partial Matching of Time Series , 2005, PKDD.

[15]  Narendra Ahuja,et al.  Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey , 2002, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[16]  R. Jayadevan,et al.  Dynamic Time Warping Based Static Hand Printed Signature Verification , 2009 .

[17]  Serge Rezzi,et al.  Alignment using variable penalty dynamic time warping. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.