Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long‐term glycaemic and weight control in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1‐year, randomized controlled trial

Aims  The autoimmune‐mediated destruction of pancreatic β‐cells in Type 1 diabetes mellitus renders patients deficient in two glucoregulatory peptide hormones, insulin and amylin. With insulin replacement alone, most patients do not achieve glycaemic goals. We aimed to determine the long‐term efficacy and safety of adjunctive therapy with pramlintide, a synthetic human amylin analogue, in patients with Type 1 diabetes.

[1]  C. Weyer,et al.  A randomized study and open-label extension evaluating the long-term efficacy of pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes. , 2002, Diabetes care.

[2]  A. Young.  Amylinʼs physiology and its role in diabetes , 1997 .

[3]  C. Weyer,et al.  Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a physiological approach toward improved metabolic control. , 2001, Current pharmaceutical design.

[4]  F. Kaufman,et al.  Insulin pump therapy in Type 1 pediatric patients: now and into the year 2000 , 1999, Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews.

[5]  G. Dailey,et al.  Amylin concentrations and glucose control , 1992, The Lancet.

[6]  T. Rink,et al.  Gastric emptying is accelerated in diabetic BB rats and is slowed by subcutaneous injections of amylin , 1995, Diabetologia.

[7]  Yan Wang,et al.  Impact of pramlintide on glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose, glucagon, and triglyceride excursions among patients with type 1 diabetes intensively treated with insulin pumps. , 2003, Diabetes care.

[8]  Standards of Medical Care for Patients With Diabetes Mellitus , 1998, Diabetes Care.

[9]  C. Weyer,et al.  The human amylin analog, pramlintide, corrects postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 1 diabetes. , 2002, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[10]  Cryer Pe.  Banting Lecture. Hypoglycemia: the limiting factor in the management of IDDM. , 1994 .

[11]  G. Davey Smith,et al.  Risk of adverse effects of intensified treatment in insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus: a meta‐analysis , 1997, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[12]  P. Raskin,et al.  Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. , 1999, Diabetes care.

[13]  The absence of a glycemic threshold for the development of long-term complications: the perspective of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. , 1996, Diabetes.

[14]  I. Macdonald,et al.  Infusion of pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, delays gastric emptying in men with IDDM , 1997, Diabetologia.

[15]  E. Scharrer,et al.  The anorectic effect of a chronic peripheral infusion of amylin is abolished in area postrema/nucleus of the solitary tract (AP/NTS) lesioned rats , 2001, International Journal of Obesity.

[16]  A. Zinsmeister,et al.  Pramlintide, an amylin analog, selectively delays gastric emptying: potential role of vagal inhibition. , 2000, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.

[17]  Robert M. Anderson,et al.  Prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes. , 2004, Diabetes care.

[18]  M. Kaleko,et al.  Phenotypic correction of diabetic mice by adenovirus-mediated glucokinase expression. , 2001, Diabetes.

[19]  K. Alberti,et al.  The amylin analog pramlintide improves glycemic control and reduces postprandial glucagon concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. , 1999, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[20]  Robert M. Anderson,et al.  5. Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes , 2016, Diabetes Care.

[21]  S. Genuth,et al.  The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

[22]  T. Rink,et al.  Dose-response for glucagonostatic effect of amylin in rats. , 1997, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[23]  Epidemiology of severe hypoglycemia in the diabetes control and complications trial. The DCCT Research Group. , 1991, The American journal of medicine.

[24]  Matthew D. Davis,et al.  Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[25]  Weight Gain Associated With Intensive Therapy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial , 1988, Diabetes Care.

[26]  S. Schwartz,et al.  Effect of 14 days' subcutaneous administration of the human amylin analogue, pramlintide (AC137), on an intravenous insulin challenge and response to a standard liquid meal in patients with IDDM , 1996, Diabetologia.

[27]  P A Cleary,et al.  Effect of excessive weight gain with intensive therapy of type 1 diabetes on lipid levels and blood pressure: results from the DCCT. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. , 1998, JAMA.

[28]  W. Colburn,et al.  Reduction of Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Subjects With IDDM by Intravenous Infusion of AC137, a Human Amylin Analogue , 1995, Diabetes Care.

[29]  T. Mandrup-Poulsen,et al.  On the Pathogenesis of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus — A Discussion of Three Recently Proposed Models , 1989 .

[30]  G. Bolli,et al.  Insulin analogues and their potential in the management of diabetes mellitus , 1999, Diabetologia.

[31]  Andrew A. Young,et al.  Preclinical pharmacology of pramlintide in the rat: Comparisons with human and rat amylin , 1996 .

[32]  P. Poirier,et al.  Diastolic dysfunction in normotensive men with well-controlled type 2 diabetes: importance of maneuvers in echocardiographic screening for preclinical diabetic cardiomyopathy. , 2001, Diabetes care.

[33]  P. Cryer.  Hypoglycemia: The Limiting Factor in the Management of IDDM , 1994, Diabetes.

[34]  S. Woods,et al.  Amylin: a novel action in the brain to reduce body weight. , 2000, Endocrinology.

[35]  S. Woods,et al.  Amylin and insulin interact to reduce food intake in rats. , 2000, Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme.