Inconsistency Over Time in the Preferences of Older Persons with Advanced Illness for Life‐Sustaining Treatment

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether preferences for future attempts at life‐sustaining treatment change over time in a consistent and predictable manner.

[1]  D. Royall,et al.  Bedside Assessment of Executive Cognitive Impairment: The Executive Interview , 1992, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[2]  M. Lawton,et al.  Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. , 1969, The Gerontologist.

[3]  A. Fagerlin,et al.  Enough. The failure of the living will. , 2004, The Hastings Center report.

[4]  M. Lieberman,et al.  The stress process. , 1981, Journal of health and social behavior.

[5]  G. Loewenstein,et al.  Wouldn't it be nice? Predicting future feelings. , 1999 .

[6]  P. Ditto,et al.  The stability of older adults' judgments of fates better and worse than death. , 2001, Death studies.

[7]  Claire O'Tuathail,et al.  Assessment of older people , 2006 .

[8]  W. Knaus,et al.  Study population in SUPPORT: patients (as defined by disease categories and mortality projections), surrogates, and physicians. , 1990, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[9]  H. Llewellyn-Thomas,et al.  Investigating patients' preferences for different treatment options. , 1997, The Canadian journal of nursing research = Revue canadienne de recherche en sciences infirmieres.

[10]  D. Patrick,et al.  Insights Pertaining to Patient Assessments of States Worse than Death , 1993, The Journal of Clinical Ethics.

[11]  T. Preston.  Will to live in the terminally ill , 1999, The Lancet.

[12]  R. Califf,et al.  Factors associated with change in resuscitation preference of seriously ill patients , 1996 .

[13]  E. Emanuel,et al.  Advance directives. Stability of patients' treatment choices. , 1994, Archives of internal medicine.

[14]  G. Loewenstein,et al.  Projection Bias in Medical Decision Making , 2005, Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making.

[15]  S. Miles,et al.  Advance end-of-life treatment planning. A research review. , 1996, Archives of internal medicine.

[16]  P. Ubel,et al.  The impact of considering adaptation in health state valuation. , 2005, Social science & medicine.

[17]  P J Hardy,et al.  Advance directives , 1995, BMJ.

[18]  J. Danks,et al.  Context Changes Choices: A Prospective Study of the Effects of Hospitalization on Life-Sustaining Treatment Preferences , 2006, Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making.

[19]  L. Emanuel,et al.  Advance Directives: What Have We Learned So Far? , 1993, The Journal of Clinical Ethics.

[20]  D. Ford,et al.  Physical Functioning, Depression, and Preferences for Treatment at the End of Life: The Johns Hopkins Precursors Study , 2004, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[21]  S. Carmel,et al.  Stability of elderly persons' expressed preferences regarding the use of life-sustaining treatments. , 1999, Social science & medicine.

[22]  J. Garrett,et al.  A prospective study of the impact of patient preferences on life-sustaining treatment and hospital cost. , 1996, Critical care medicine.

[23]  Angela Fagerlin,et al.  Stability of older adults' preferences for life-sustaining medical treatment. , 2003, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[24]  A. Mehrez,et al.  Quality-adjusted Life Years, Utility Theory, and Healthy-years Equivalents , 1989, Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making.

[25]  P. V. Van Ness,et al.  Prospective study of health status preferences and changes in preferences over time in older adults. , 2006, Archives of internal medicine.

[26]  K. Sullivan,et al.  Intubation and mechanical ventilation for COPD: development of an instrument to elicit patient preferences. , 1999, Chest.

[27]  E. Emanuel,et al.  The Medical Directive. A new comprehensive advance care document. , 1989, JAMA.

[28]  Norbert Schwarz,et al.  Misimagining the unimaginable: the disability paradox and health care decision making. , 2005, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[29]  C Gatsonis,et al.  The Stability of Preferences for Life-sustaining Care among Persons with AIDS in the Boston Health Study , 1999, Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making.

[30]  S. Katz.  Studies of illness in the aged , 1963 .

[31]  K. Cook,et al.  A Trial for Comparing Methods for Eliciting Treatment Preferences From Men With Advanced Prostate Cancer: Results From the Initial Visit , 2000, Medical care.

[32]  Thomas M Gill,et al.  The burden and patterns of disability in activities of daily living among community-living older persons. , 2003, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[33]  J Concato,et al.  Importance of functional measures in predicting mortality among older hospitalized patients. , 1998, JAMA.

[34]  J. Guralnik,et al.  Patterns of functional decline at the end of life. , 2003, JAMA.

[35]  Dena M Bravata,et al.  Invariance and Inconsistency in Utility Ratings , 2005, Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making.

[36]  George Loewenstein,et al.  Disability and sunshine: can hedonic predictions be improved by drawing attention to focusing illusions or emotional adaptation? , 2005, Journal of experimental psychology. Applied.

[37]  E. Bradley,et al.  Assessment of patient preferences: integrating treatments and outcomes. , 2002, The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences.

[38]  E F Cook,et al.  Health values of hospitalized patients 80 years or older. HELP Investigators. Hospitalized Elderly Longitudinal Project. , 1998, JAMA.

[39]  C. Stocking,et al.  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and life-sustaining therapy: patients' desires for information, participation in decision making, and life-sustaining therapy. , 1991, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[40]  I. Janis,et al.  Decision Making: A Psychological Analysis of Conflict, Choice, and Commitment , 1977 .

[41]  P. Singer,et al.  Stability of Treatment Preferences: Although Most Preferences Do Not Change, Most People Change Some of Their Preferences , 1997, The Journal of Clinical Ethics.

[42]  E. Pfeiffer.  A Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire for the Assessment of Organic Brain Deficit in Elderly Patients † , 1975, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[43]  R. Califf,et al.  Factors associated with change in resuscitation preference of seriously ill patients. The SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. , 1996, Archives of internal medicine.

[44]  S. Miles,et al.  Advance End-of-Life Treatment Planning , 1996 .

[45]  S. Katz,et al.  STUDIES OF ILLNESS IN THE AGED. THE INDEX OF ADL: A STANDARDIZED MEASURE OF BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTION. , 1963, JAMA.

[46]  R. Pearlman,et al.  Stability of patient preferences regarding life-sustaining treatments. , 1990, Chest.

[47]  J. Garrett,et al.  Stability of Choices about Life-Sustaining Treatments , 1994, Annals of Internal Medicine.