Two-photon uncaging, from neuroscience to materials

The use of photolabile protecting groups has been growing in emphasis for decades, in particular because of their numerous applications ranging from organic synthesis to neurosciences. More recently, two-photon sensitive photolabile protecting groups were developed, bringing the advantages (e.g. finer spatial resolution with a deeper tissue penetration) of this nonlinear excitation technique to a photostimulation method. However, the widespread photolabile protecting groups developed for classical one-photon excitation exhibited low two-photon sensitivity. Therefore, the rules of molecular engineering pointed out for the optimization of nonlinear properties of molecular systems for material sciences were applied to this specific field. Consequently, efficient two-photon photolabile protecting groups have been developed. We describe here the recent developments in molecular engineering of two-photon sensitive photolabile protecting groups as well as their application in neurobiology, physiology and biomaterials.

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