Increased plant productivity in Alaskan tundra as a result of experimental warming of soil and permafrost

1. The response of northern tundra plant communities to warming temperatures is of critical concern because permafrost ecosystems play a key role in global carbon (C) storage, and climate‐induced ecological shifts in the plant community will affect the transfer of carbon‐dioxide between biological and atmospheric pools.

[1]  W. Mohn,et al.  Long‐term experimental manipulation of climate alters the ectomycorrhizal community of Betula nana in Arctic tundra , 2011 .

[2]  S. Natali,et al.  Effects of experimental warming of air, soil and permafrost on carbon balance in Alaskan tundra , 2011 .

[3]  Sonja Wipf,et al.  A review of snow manipulation experiments in Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems , 2010 .

[4]  Sonja Wipf,et al.  Phenology, growth, and fecundity of eight subarctic tundra species in response to snowmelt manipulations , 2010, Plant Ecology.

[5]  G. Henry,et al.  Increased plant biomass in a High Arctic heath community from 1981 to 2008. , 2009, Ecology.

[6]  Josep Peñuelas,et al.  Global patterns of foliar nitrogen isotopes and their relationships with climate, mycorrhizal fungi, foliar nutrient concentrations, and nitrogen availability. , 2009, The New phytologist.

[7]  Terry V. Callaghan,et al.  Carbon respiration from subsurface peat accelerated by climate warming in the subarctic , 2009, Nature.

[8]  J. Canadell,et al.  Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost region , 2009 .

[9]  T. E. Osterkamp,et al.  The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net carbon exchange from tundra , 2009, Nature.

[10]  J. Cornelissen,et al.  Ecosystem feedbacks and cascade processes: understanding their role in the responses of Arctic and alpine ecosystems to environmental change , 2009 .

[11]  Terry V. Callaghan,et al.  Impacts of extreme winter warming in the sub‐Arctic: growing season responses of dwarf shrub heathland , 2008 .

[12]  S. Hagemann,et al.  Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon to Climate Change: Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle , 2008 .

[13]  J. Hobbie,et al.  Natural Abundance of 15N in Nitrogen-Limited Forests and Tundra Can Estimate Nitrogen Cycling Through Mycorrhizal Fungi: A Review , 2008, Ecosystems.

[14]  K. Kielland,et al.  Effects of Simulated Climate Change on Plant Phenology and Nitrogen Mineralization in Alaskan Arctic Tundra , 2008 .

[15]  K. Larsen,et al.  Significance of cold‐season respiration and photosynthesis in a subarctic heath ecosystem in Northern Sweden , 2007 .

[16]  M. Mack,et al.  Plant Species Composition and Productivity following Permafrost Thaw and Thermokarst in Alaskan Tundra , 2007, Ecosystems.

[17]  D. Vitt,et al.  Evaluating feathermoss growth: a challenge to traditional methods and implications for the boreal carbon budget , 2007 .

[18]  P. Grogan,et al.  Ecosystem CO2 production during winter in a Swedish subarctic region: the relative importance of climate and vegetation type , 2006 .

[19]  R. Aerts.  The freezer defrosting: global warming and litter decomposition rates in cold biomes , 2006 .

[20]  E. Davidson,et al.  Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change , 2006, Nature.

[21]  Steven F. Oberbauer,et al.  Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[22]  J. Cornelissen,et al.  Plant Performance in a Warmer World: General Responses of Plants from Cold, Northern Biomes and the Importance of Winter and Spring Events , 2006, Plant Ecology.

[23]  Robert D. Hollister,et al.  PLANT RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE IN NORTHERN ALASKA: IMPLICATIONS FOR PREDICTING VEGETATION CHANGE , 2005 .

[24]  I. Jónsdóttir,et al.  Variable sensitivity of plant communities in Iceland to experimental warming , 2005 .

[25]  M. Bret-Harte,et al.  Vegetation responses in Alaskan arctic tundra after 8 years of a summer warming and winter snow manipulation experiment , 2005 .

[26]  J. Pontailler,et al.  Climate Warming Postpones Senescence in High Arctic Tundra , 2004 .

[27]  F. Chapin,et al.  Ecosystem carbon storage in arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization , 2004, Nature.

[28]  T. Callaghan,et al.  Effects of experimentally imposed climate scenarios on flowering phenology and flower production of subarctic bog species , 2004 .

[29]  J. Schimel,et al.  Increased snow depth affects microbial activity and nitrogen mineralization in two Arctic tundra communities , 2004 .

[30]  Terry V. Callaghan,et al.  Summer warming and increased winter snow cover affect Sphagnum fuscum growth, structure and production in a sub‐arctic bog , 2004 .

[31]  R. McKane,et al.  15N natural abundances and N use by tundra plants , 1996, Oecologia.

[32]  Terry V. Callaghan,et al.  Long‐term ecosystem level experiments at Toolik Lake, Alaska, and at Abisko, Northern Sweden: generalizations and differences in ecosystem and plant type responses to global change , 2004 .

[33]  F. Chapin,et al.  Seasonal control over allocation to reproduction in a tussock-forming and a rhizomatous species of Eriophorum in central Alaska , 2004, Oecologia.

[34]  R. Brooker,et al.  Can soil temperature direct the composition of high arctic plant communities ? , 2003 .

[35]  C. Dormann,et al.  Climate change in the Arctic: using plant functional types in a meta‐analysis of field experiments , 2002 .

[36]  F. Stuart Chapin,et al.  Species composition interacts with fertilizer to control long-term change in tundra productivity , 2001 .

[37]  H. Marchant.  Snow Ecology: An Interdisciplinary Examination of Snow-Covered Ecosystems , 2001 .

[38]  D. Robinson.  δ15N as an integrator of the nitrogen cycle , 2001 .

[39]  R. D. Evans,et al.  Physiological mechanisms influencing plant nitrogen isotope composition. , 2001, Trends in plant science.

[40]  S. Running,et al.  Simulating the effects of climate change on the carbon balance of North American high‐latitude forests , 2000, Global change biology.

[41]  F. Chapin,et al.  Global Warming and Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Conceptual Framework for Analysis , 2000 .

[42]  Robert D. Hollister,et al.  RESPONSES OF TUNDRA PLANTS TO EXPERIMENTAL WARMING:META‐ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TUNDRA EXPERIMENT , 1999 .

[43]  F. S. Chapin,et al.  The Mineral Nutrition of Wild Plants Revisited: A Re-evaluation of Processes and Patterns , 1999 .

[44]  F. Stuart Chapin,et al.  THE RESPONSE OF TUNDRA PLANT BIOMASS, ABOVEGROUND PRODUCTION, NITROGEN, AND CO2 FLUX TO EXPERIMENTAL WARMING , 1998 .

[45]  G. Henry,et al.  Open‐top designs for manipulating field temperature in high‐latitude ecosystems , 1997 .

[46]  C. Tucker,et al.  Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991 , 1997, Nature.

[47]  F. Chapin,et al.  Physiological and Growth Responses of Arctic Plants to a Field Experiment Simulating Climatic Change , 1996 .

[48]  S. Hobbie.  Temperature and plant species control over litter decomposition in Alaskan tundra , 1996 .

[49]  F. Stuart Chapin,et al.  Responses of Arctic Tundra to Experimental and Observed Changes in Climate , 1995 .

[50]  K. Nadelhoffer,et al.  Measuring nutrient availability in arctic soils using ion exchange resins : a field test , 1994 .

[51]  T. Callaghan,et al.  COMPARATIVE RESPONSES OF PHENOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT TO SIMULATED ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE IN SUB-ARCTIC AND HIGH ARCTIC PLANTS , 1993 .

[52]  Edward B. Rastetter,et al.  A general biogeochemical model describing the responses of the C and N cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to changes in CO(2), climate, and N deposition. , 1991, Tree physiology.

[53]  K. Nadelhoffer,et al.  EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND SUBSTRATE QUALITY ON ELEMENT MINERALIZATION IN SIX ARCTIC SOILS , 1991 .

[54]  N. Chiariello,et al.  Allocating Resources to Reproduction and DefenseNew assessments of the costs and benefits of allocation patterns in plants are relating ecological roles to resource use , 1987 .

[55]  J. Brockwell,et al.  The natural abundance of , 1985 .

[56]  B. Ellis,et al.  Temperature effect on biomass production and root/shoot biomass ratios in two arctic sedges under controlled environmental conditions , 1984 .

[57]  R. S. Clymo.  THE GROWTH OF SPHAGNUM: METHODS OF MEASUREMENT , 1970 .

[58]  R. T. Ward,et al.  Phenology of Alpine Plants in Northern Colorado , 1965 .