Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: Review and Survey

Wireless Sensor Networks utilize their energy resources for data sensing, processing and communication purposes. Sensor nodes have limited energy resources due to small size and are usually deployed in large quantity at remote locations. Such situations limit the frequent access of human to small sensor nodes. Therefore recharging and replacing batteries of sensors is difficult. For this reason researchers have invested their inclination to design intelligent routing protocols that may efficiently manage energy resources to extend network lifetime. This paper presents a review of the state of art routing protocols of WSNs. It first explains optimization goals which may be considered while designing WSNs routing protocols followed by a detailed survey of different routing techniques. Finally it concludes by suggesting some directions for future research work in the field of WSNs.

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