Levels of myeloid-related proteins in saliva for screening and monitoring of periodontal disease.

AIMS To evaluate the salivary levels of myeloid-related markers in relation to periodontal disease and their potential screening capability, as well as the effects of periodontal treatment on these markers in periodontitis patients. METHODS Participants with a healthy periodontium (n=60), gingivitis (n=63) and periodontitis (n=72) were recruited. Periodontitis patients received non-surgical treatment and were re-examined after 3 and 6 months. Unstimulated saliva was collected at baseline and at 1-, 3- and 6-months after therapy for the periodontitis patients. Levels of colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1, interleukin (IL)-34, S100A8/A9, S100A12, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), IL-1β, and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) were analyzed by immunoassays. RESULTS CSF-1, S100A8/A9, S100A12, IL-1β, MMP-8, and HGF were significantly elevated in saliva from periodontitis and gingivitis patients in comparison to healthy, whereas IL-34 was significantly lower in periodontitis compared to both health and gingivitis. IL-34 increased significantly 3-months after treatment, while IL-1β and MMP-8 decreased 1-month after therapy. Additionally, periodontitis patients clustered in high and low levels of S100A8/A9, whereby those with high levels had more bleeding, deeper pockets and higher S100A12. CONCLUSION Salivary levels of myeloid-related markers are altered in periodontitis and are partially modulated by periodontal treatment. Measuring S100A8/A9 in saliva may identify distinct groups of periodontitis patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.