Research and Development of Software Defined Radio and Cognitive Radio Technologies

あらまし 1980年代,軍用通信への応用を目指してソフトウェア無線の研究開発がスタートし,DSPや FPGA 等の急速な性能向上と低価格化も進み,民生機器への展開に向けた研究開発が本格化した.また,1990 年代に は,ソフトウェア無線機を適応的に制御し利用するためのコグニティブ無線の概念が提唱され,その応用として 高度な電波利用の実現に向けた技術開発が加速した.無線装置及び無線ネットワークの機能や性能を動的かつ適 応的に変更可能とするソフトウェア無線・コグニティブ無線を実現するためには,信号処理技術やシステム制御 技術,ネットワーク技術,広帯域フロントエンド技術や無線機構成技術,スペクトルのセンシング・可視化・管 理・共用技術,セキュリティ技術など,ベースバンド部から RF 部に至るまで,ハードウェア・ソフトウェアの 両面で,様々な基盤技術の開発が必要である.本論文では,このソフトウェア無線・コグニティブ無線技術の研 究開発に関し,特に無線アクセスシステムへの応用を目指した我が国における基盤技術開発を中心に,これまで の主要な取り組みについて概説する.更に,主要な実用化事例と,2020 年代の IoT 時代に向けた将来展望につ いても述べる. キーワード ソフトウェア無線(SDR),コグニティブ無線,マルチバンド RF,ヘテロジニアスネットワー ク,周波数有効利用,周波数共用,ホワイトスペース,スペクトルセンシング,ダイナミックスペクトルアクセ ス(DSA),ICT,IoT,M2M

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