The FIG Task Force on Institutional and Organisational Development has taken forward a programme of work to assess the particular challenges to building organisational capacity. The Task Force developed, tested and refined a self-assessment questionnaire to determine capacity at system, organisation and individual levels; this was made available to and completed by professionals from many countries. In reviewing the responses to the questionnaire, FIG also considered other recent work including that of the UN FAO (2007), AusAID (2008) and Land Equity International (2008). This work (which is described in more detail in Greenway (2009)) led FIG to draw the following broad conclusions: • Cooperation between organisations is a weak point: there is often suspicion rather than cooperation; • The remits and skills of the different organisations involved in administering a land administration system are often not joined up effectively; • The lack of effective working across sectors is a particular issue; • There are skill gaps, particularly in the conversion of policy into programmes, the division of labour, and ensuring effective learning and development; • Stakeholder requirements appear insufficiently understood or insufficiently balanced, leading to ineffective use of outputs; • There is insufficient time and effort given to learning from past experience.