Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17

Manfred S. Green | David L. Smith | Jai K Das | Vijay Kumar Chattu | Kedir Hussein Abegaz | G. H. Ha | Seyyed Meysam Mousavi | Aubrey J. Levine | Anas M. Saad | Jai K. Das | Ravi Prakash Jha | Pascual R. Valdez | Mohammad Hossein Khosravi | R. Malekzadeh | A. Dash | S. Rubino | J. Frostad | L. Dandona | R. Dandona | V. Feigin | C. Murray | A. Sheikh | M. Naghavi | C. Flohr | S. Vollmer | M. Bayati | M. Poljak | H. Suleria | B. Hall | S. Hay | D. Pigott | D. Weiss | O. Brady | H. Zar | T. Miller | M. Bell | K. Pesudovs | S. Resnikoff | A. Mamun | S. Bhaumik | C. la Vecchia | J. Car | R. Sagar | L. Cámera | P. Yip | J. Singh | M. Ausloos | F. Abd-Allah | Abdullahi Adamu | O. Adetokunboh | M. Afarideh | A. Kiadaliri | M. Ahmed | Fares Alahdab | Z. Al-Aly | N. Alam | T. Meretoja | H. Abbastabar | A. Abdelalim | I. Abdollahpour | Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi | O. Adebayo | V. Adekanmbi | Mehdi Ahmadi | H. Al-Mekhlafi | M. Alijanzadeh | S. Aljunid | K. Altirkawi | N. Alvis-Guzmán | C. Andrei | Mina Anjomshoa | C. Antonio | J. Arabloo | O. Aremu | A. Arora | K. Aryal | J. Banoub | A. Barać | M. Barboza | T. Bärnighausen | Neeraj Bedi | M. Behzadifar | M. Behzadifar | D. Bennett | R. Bernstein | Z. Bhutta | Ali Bijani | B. Bikbov | S. Boufous | A. Briko | G. Britton | Z. Butt | J. Cano | Rosario Cárdenas | C. Castañeda-Orjuela | Franz Castro | E. Cerin | V. Chattu | D. Christopher | E. Cromwell | A. Dadi | A. Daryani | Gebre Teklemariam Demoz | E. Denova-Gutiérrez | K. Deribe | S. Dharmaratne | M. Dhimal | Kerrie E. Doyle | E. Dubljanin | A. Durães | A. Effiong | Z. El-Khatib | S. Eskandarieh | M. Fareed | A. Faro | F. Farzadfar | Netsanet Fentahun | S. Fereshtehnejad | E. Fernandes | I. Filip | F. Fischer | N. Foigt | T. Fukumoto | Y. C. D. Geramo | Kebede Embaye Gezae | P. Gill | T. Gill | S. Gopalani | A. Goulart | B. N. Goulart | A. Grada | H. Gugnani | Yuming Guo | Rahul Gupta | Rajeev Gupta | J. Haagsma | N. Hafezi-Nejad | S. Hamidi | H. Haririan | H. Hassen | B. Heibati | D. Hendrie | A. Henok | C. Herteliu | F. Heydarpour | Praveen Hoogar | M. Hosseinzadeh | O. Ilesanmi | S. Irvani | S. Islam | N. Jahanmehr | M. Jakovljevic | A. Jayatilleke | V. Jha | J. Ji | J. Jonas | J. Jozwiak | Z. Kabir | T. Kanchan | A. Karch | A. Kasaeian | G. Kassa | P. Keiyoro | Y. Khader | M. Khafaie | N. Khalid | E. Khan | M. Khater | M. Khazaei | Y. Kim | R. Kimokoti | A. Kisa | S. Kochhar | T. Kolola | S. Kosen | P. Koul | A. Koyanagi | K. Krishan | G. A. Kumar | Manasi Kumar | Faris Lami | V. Lansingh | P. Lee | M. Leili | C. T. Leshargie | S. Lewycka | Shanshan Li | S. Linn | Shiwei Liu | A. Majeed | D. Malta | M. Mansournia | Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo | M. Mathur | M. Mazidi | C. McAlinden | K. Mehta | P. Memiah | Z. Memish | W. Mendoza | S. T. Mereta | T. Meštrović | B. Miazgowski | G. Mini | E. Mirrakhimov | B. Moazen | B. Mohajer | S. Mohammed | F. Mohebi | A. Mokdad | G. Moradi | P. Moraga | K. I. Musa | G. Mustafa | G. Naik | V. Nangia | I. Negoi | J. Ngunjiri | H. Nguyen | D. N. Ningrum | J. J. Noubiap | F. Ogbo | I. Oh | A. Olagunju | B. Olusanya | J. Olusanya | M. Owolabi | A. Pana | Eun‐Kee Park | Ajay Patle | N. Perico | H. Pham | M. Pirsaheb | M. Postma | A. Pourshams | A. Radfar | A. Rafiei | F. Rahim | V. Rahimi-Movaghar | Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman | Muhammad Aziz Rahman | Fatemeh Rajati | P. Rao | D. Rasella | S. Rawaf | R. Reiner | G. Remuzzi | A. Renzaho | L. Roever | L. Ronfani | Enrico Rubagotti | E. Sadeghi | Y. Safari | M. Sahraian | N. Salam | Y. Salimi | H. Salimzadeh | A. Samy | J. Sanabria | I. Santos | N. Sarrafzadegan | B. Sartorius | B. Sathian | Maheswar Satpathy | M. Sawhney | D. Schwebel | S. Sepanlou | E. Serván-Mori | Azadeh Shafieesabet | A. Shaheen | M. Shaikh | Mehran Shams-Beyranvand | M. Shamsi | K. Sharafi | Rajesh Sharma | M. Shigematsu | R. Shiri | R. Shirkoohi | Si Si | S. Siabani | T. J. Siddiqi | D. Silva | N. Singh | Virendra Singh | D. Sinha | Eirini Skiadaresi | J. Soriano | Ireneous N. Soyiri | C. Sreeramareddy | Agus Sudaryanto | M. Sufiyan | Bryan L. Sykes | R. Tabarés-Seisdedos | T. Tabuchi | A. Tehrani-Banihashemi | Shishay Wahdey Tekelemedhin | Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle | M. Temsah | K. Thankappan | N. Thomas | R. Topor-Madry | M. Tovani-Palone | B. Tran | Khanh B. Tran | I. Ullah | M. Usman | O. Uthman | P. Valdez | S. Varughese | F. Violante | Y. Waheed | Yafeng Wang | Yuan-Pang Wang | R. Westerman | T. Wijeratne | C. Wiysonge | Tomohide Yamada | M. Yaseri | Alex Yeshaneh | E. Yisma | N. Yonemoto | M. Younis | Chuanhua Yu | Z. Zaidi | Sojib Bin Zaman | M. Zamani | Hamed Zandian | S. Zodpey | Ayenew Negesse Abejie | R. Adedoyin | Animut Alebel | S. Atre | A. Badawi | M. Banach | S. Basu | M. S. Bin Sayeed | B. Blacker | J. C. Campuzano Rincon | F. Carvalho | Anh Kim Dang | Nicole Davis Weaver | F. P. De la Hoz | Jan‐Walter De Neve | M. El Sayed Zaki | H. Elkout | B. Eshrati | M. Hasan | M. Hegazy | G. Hu | U. Iqbal | J. Khubchandani | B. Kuate Defo | Pushpendra Kumar | I. Adedeji | S. Awasthi | I. Campos-Nonato | R. Franklin | H. Gesesew | A. Goodridge | D. Lal | C. C. Mapoma | C. Nguyen | O. Norheim | F. Pourmalek | C. Ranabhat | B. Uzochukwu | M. Wallin | A. Azman | B. Lacey | C. Dolecek | H. Yatsuya | R. Ivers | G. Dhungana | M. Bagherzadeh | Gregory M Garcia | J. Mosser | A. Deshpande | B. Mayala | K. Wiens | B. Nascimento | Z. A. Alemu | H. Benzian | E. J. Faraon | H. Lam | M. Mehndiratta | A. Pervaiz | Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh | S. Amini | A. Ziapour | Krittika Bhattacharyya | D. Chu | Daniel Diaz | B. Heidari | N. Manafi | Y. Mohammad | M. Naderi | D. Z. Wondafrash | A. Yadollahpour | Yunquan Zhang | Alexandria Brown | Farah Daoud | A. Lal | B. Taye | A. Thomson | Mehdi Sayyah | A. Shalash | M. Agudelo-Botero | C. Dávila-Cervantes | Gabriel Martínez | T. Alanzi | Y. Moodley | M. Ilic | Nuworza Kugbey | M. Ayanore | S. Pakhalé | A. Almasi-Hashiani | F. Ghazi Sherbaf | T. Pilgrim | O. Onwujekwe | A. Almasi | T. Sathish | A. Akanda | A. Pathak | M. Salahshoor | M. Nojomi | R. L. Thompson | D. Demissie | K. Ahmadi | B. Armoon | K. Khatab | M. Fazlzadeh | V. Alipour | Kimberly B Johnson | R. K. Biswas | A. I. Ribeiro | D. Kusuma | M. Househ | B. A. Ayala Quintanilla | Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh | Anwar E. Ahmed | A. Mosapour | J. Albright | K. E. LeGrand | M. Miller-Petrie | Ian Pollock | E. Spurlock | V. M. Costa | M. Hussen | A. Kabir | N. Mahotra | H. Meles | M. P. A. | Adauto Martins Soares Filho | A. Elsharkawy | K. Chin | M. Shamsizadeh | G. Kayode | C. L. Hoang | M. Moradi | S. Muthupandian | R. Menezes | F. Tesfay | M. Salem | B. Unnikrishnan | S. Azari | C. Iwu | A. Gatotoh | D. Ndwandwe | S. Enany | S. E. Ibitoye | G. Rath | B. Shetty | Izza Shahid | John S Ji | G. G. Amul | A. Eftekhari | E. Jenabi | S. Sabour | M. Moradi-Joo | Tara Ballav Adhikari | S. Prada | N. Rabiee | E. Antriyandarti | H. A. Edinur | Zemichael Gizaw | Rajat Das Gupta | T. Dahiru | O. Osarenotor | D. Guido | H. T. Atalay | J. C. F. Lopez | N. Mohammad Gholi Mezerji | S. K. Patel | Y. Veisani | L. Preoțescu | M. Abrigo | S. Balakrishnan | M. Gad | M. Mozaffor | S. Rahimi | J. Nazari | W. Rawasia | V. Renjith | S. Riahi | J. Shin | S. Saeedi Moghaddam | B. Oancea | M. El Tantawi | Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun | Mihiretu M Kebede | Robert L. Thompson | M. Rabiee | H. Aref | J. Alcalde-Rabanal | A. Jalali | A. Darwesh | Kinley Wangdi | Md Nuruzzaman Khan | S. Martini | M. Folayan | Hosni Salem | M. Khayamzadeh | R. Guimarães | E. Babaee | Lauren E. Schaeffer | Y. A. Aynalem | W. Shiferaw | P. Dhillon | Ambrish Singh | A. Hasanzadeh | J. Rickard | Zemenu Tadesse Tessema | S. Karki | S. Mouodi | H. Do | A. Humayun | Lauren E Schaeffer | Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi | Naznin Hossain | D. Mohammad | D. Ortega-Altamirano | Anbissa Muleta Senbeta | Genet Melak Alamene | A. Amit | D. Berbada | S. Bohlouli | M. Foroutan | A. Ghashghaee | T. Hird | Gillian Hollerich | M. Imani-Nasab | Junaid Khan | A. Khater | S. Kisa | G. G. Meles | A. J. Nagarajan | C. Nnaji | F. B. Osei | V. Pepito | H. Quintana | L. Rawal | Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy | Alyssa N. Sbarra | M. M. Sisay | G. T. Weldesamuel | H. Yousof | Hasan Yusefzadeh | T. Zerfu | L. Abreu | Muhammad Ali | N. Alvis-Zakzuk | S. Athari | G. Ayano | Shankar M. Bakkannavar | A. Bhat | N. Briko | Sharath Burugina Nagaraja | Saad M A Dahlawi | Oluchi Ezekannagha | T. Ginindza | M. I. Gubari | Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso | A. Hasaballah | Savita Lasrado | P. D. Lopukhov | P. Mahasha | Birhanu Geta Meharie | E. Mehrabi Nasab | Teferi Mekonnen | J. Mohammed | M. Muriithi | J. Padubidri | S. M. Sajadi | M. Šantrić-Milićević | Mohammed Shannawaz | M. B. Sorrie | D. Tadesse | I. Tarigan | Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari | S. Zadey | Telma Zahirian Moghadam | Y. M. Tefera | S. Senthilkumaran | A. Arzani | Daniel Asmelash | B. Antony | T. Mekonnen | Alem Girmay | A. Etemadi | Ahmed Abualhasan | T. Akalu | Samiah Alam | Nevine M. El Nahas | S. El-Jaafary | M. Yilma | M. Sobhiyeh | N. Hariyani | H. Wolde | Hagos Degefa de Hidru | Rovshan Khalilov | H. Komaki | B. E. Tesfay | Eugenio Traini | Binaya Chalise | Assefa Desalew | D. Ketema | G. Lebedev | Mathew M. Baumann | Paulina A. Lindstedt | Sandra B. Munro | Nefsu Awoke | N. Cormier | A. Darwish | Daniel Adane Endalew | Reta Tsegaye Gayesa | K. B. Gebremedhin | M. Haile | Desta Haftu Hayelom | S. A. Hussain | Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo | Q. Nguyen | Kebreab Paulos | A. Sokhan | Taweewat Wiangkham | Tewodros Eshete Wonde | A. Albujeer | Ansariadi Ansariadi | S. M. Athari | Vo Dinh Bay | Mahya Beheshti | Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez | I. O. Dipeolu | H. Elhabashy | Alebachew Fasil | Wubalem Fekadu | Dessalegn Haile | H. Kasaye | Gebrehiwot G Kassa | Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek | D. R. Mahadeshwara Prasad | W. M. Metekiya | Hassen Mohammed | Linda Morales | Henok Biresaw Netsere Netsere | S. Nigatu | J. Pescarini | A. Saleem | Bruno Piassi Sao Jose | K. Shivakumar | Balbir Bagicha Singh Singh | A. Thekkepurakkal | Feleke Gebremeskel W/hawariat | Getasew Taddesse Worku | Yves Miel H Zuniga | J. Noubiap | Ismael Campos-Nonato | G. A. Kumar | A. F. Dadi | T. Siddiqi | D. N. A. Ningrum | E. J. A. Faraon | H. Yusefzadeh | H. Zandian | H. Y. Hassen | H. F. Wolde | D. K. Mohammad | A. Werkneh | F. R. Martins-Melo | O S Ilesanmi | Ahmed Hasaballah | Andre Faro | A. Sbarra | Manasi Kumar | F. P. De La Hoz | H. Edinur | Z. Al‐Aly | Hagos T. Atalay | J. C. Lopez | M. Accrombessi | Paulina A Lindstedt | A. Sudaryanto | G. Kumar | D. Mahadeshwara Prasad | M. Rahman | Mehdi Fazlzadeh | R. Thompson | Seyyede Masoume Athari | Y. Tefera | S. Bakkannavar | M. Gubari | A. ThekkePurakkal | E. Traini | R. Das Gupta | Manfred Accrombessi | Hebat-Allah S. A. Yousof | Ahmed I Hasaballah | Z. Tessema | J. Lopez | K. H. Abegaz | I. Dipeolu | Y. Aynalem | Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan | S. Zaman | Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi | Ebrahim Babaee | A. Sheikh | Bartosz Miazgowski | Usman Iqbal | S. Mohammed | M. B. Bin Sayeed | Hamidreza Komaki | Kebede Deribe | M. Foláyan | Milena M. Santric-Milicevic | C. Nguyen | Senthilkumar Balakrishnan | Nasir Salam | Mamusha Hussen | S. Basu | Masoud Behzadifar | C. Mapoma | Bahram Armoon | Dessalegn Ajema Berbada | Ingan Ukur Tarigan | S. Basu | Aparna Lal | Yasir Waheed | Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji | D. Handiso | D. B. Tadesse | Bineyam Taye | A. M. Soares Filho

[1]  M. Holodniy,et al.  Candida auris in the US Department of Veterans’ Affairs (VA) , 2020, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.

[2]  Jai K Das,et al.  Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17 , 2020, The Lancet. Global health.

[3]  Mohammad Hossein Khosravi,et al.  Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 , 2020, The Lancet.

[4]  M. Wilder,et al.  The human right to water in Mexico: Challenges and opportunities , 2020 .

[5]  William C. Gagne-Maynard,et al.  Mapping diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine coverage in Africa, 2000–2016: a spatial and temporal modelling study , 2019, The Lancet.

[6]  Laura E Smith,et al.  Independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene, and improved complementary feeding, on child stunting and anaemia in rural Zimbabwe: a cluster-randomised trial , 2018, The Lancet. Global health.

[7]  Reza Ghadimi.  Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 , 2018, Lancet.

[8]  Reza Ghadimi.  Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 , 2018, Lancet.

[9]  Mohammad Hosein Farzaei,et al.  Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 , 2018, Lancet.

[10]  Fitsum Getahun.  Completeness of inpatient medical record in St.Paul’s hospital Millennium medical college , 2018 .

[11]  Stephen S. Lim,et al.  Measuring human capital: a systematic analysis of 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016 , 2018, The Lancet.

[12]  David L. Smith,et al.  Local variation in childhood diarrheal morbidity and mortality in Africa, 2000-2015 , 2018, The New England journal of medicine.

[13]  R. Johnston,et al.  Subnational regional inequality in access to improved drinking water and sanitation in Indonesia: results from the 2015 Indonesian National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) , 2018, Global health action.

[14]  D. Lantagne,et al.  A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Exposures and Cholera in Case–Control Studies , 2018, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[15]  E. Skoufias,et al.  Reducing Inequalities in Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene in the Era of the Sustainable Development Goals , 2018 .

[16]  T. Clasen,et al.  Impact of drinking water, sanitation and handwashing with soap on childhood diarrhoeal disease: updated meta‐analysis and meta‐regression , 2018, Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH.

[17]  Y. Hao,et al.  Geographical heterogeneity and inequality of access to improved drinking water supply and sanitation in Nepal , 2018, International Journal for Equity in Health.

[18]  David L. Smith,et al.  Mapping child growth failure in Africa between 2000 and 2015 , 2018, Nature.

[19]  Nancy Fullman,et al.  Mapping local variation in educational attainment across Africa , 2018, Nature.

[20]  T. Clasen,et al.  Effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea and child growth in rural Bangladesh: a cluster randomised controlled trial , 2018, The Lancet. Global health.

[21]  Holly N. Dentz,et al.  Effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea and child growth in rural Kenya: a cluster-randomised controlled trial , 2018, The Lancet. Global health.

[22]  Nancy Fullman,et al.  Mapping under-5 and neonatal mortality in Africa, 2000–15: a baseline analysis for the Sustainable Development Goals , 2017, The Lancet.

[23]  N. A. Moreira,et al.  Safe drinking water and waterborne outbreaks. , 2017, Journal of water and health.

[24]  Andrew J. Tatem,et al.  WorldPop, open data for spatial demography , 2017, Scientific Data.

[25]  S. Shrestha,et al.  Innovative sanitation social movement:experiences from Nepal , 2017 .

[26]  T. Vos,et al.  Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting: the GATHER statement , 2016, PLoS medicine.

[27]  T. Vos,et al.  Correction: Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting: the GATHER statement , 2016, PLoS medicine.

[28]  S. Cairncross,et al.  Can water, sanitation and hygiene help eliminate stunting? Current evidence and policy implications , 2016, Maternal & child nutrition.

[29]  M. Neira,et al.  Water, sanitation and hygiene for accelerating and sustaining progress on neglected tropical diseases: a new Global Strategy 2015-20. , 2016, International health.

[30]  C. Y. Mulalap.  Federated States of Micronesia , 2016 .

[31]  M. Mbuya,et al.  Preventing environmental enteric dysfunction through improved water, sanitation and hygiene: an opportunity for stunting reduction in developing countries , 2015, Maternal & child nutrition.

[32]  H. Djebbari,et al.  Effect of a community-led sanitation intervention on child diarrhoea and child growth in rural Mali: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. , 2015, The Lancet. Global health.

[33]  D. Addiss,et al.  The Effect of Hygiene-Based Lymphedema Management in Lymphatic Filariasis-Endemic Areas: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis , 2015, PLoS neglected tropical diseases.

[34]  U. Dalrymple,et al.  The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015 , 2015, Nature.

[35]  S. Smets.  Water supply and sanitation in Indonesia : turning finance into services for the future , 2015 .

[36]  M. R. Templeton,et al.  The roles of water, sanitation and hygiene in reducing schistosomiasis: a review , 2015, Parasites & Vectors.

[37]  M. R. Templeton,et al.  The Relationship between Water, Sanitation and Schistosomiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis , 2014, PLoS neglected tropical diseases.

[38]  C. Mathers,et al.  Systematic review: Assessing the impact of drinking water and sanitation on diarrhoeal disease in low‐ and middle‐income settings: systematic review and meta‐regression , 2014, Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH.

[39]  B. Lehner,et al.  Water on an Urban Planet: Urbanization and the Reach of Urban Water Infrastructure , 2014 .

[40]  Jamie Bartram,et al.  Fecal Contamination of Drinking-Water in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis , 2014, PLoS medicine.

[41]  P. Gething,et al.  Geographical Inequalities in Use of Improved Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation across Sub-Saharan Africa: Mapping and Spatial Analysis of Cross-sectional Survey Data , 2014, PLoS medicine.

[42]  D. Addiss,et al.  Effect of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene on the Prevention of Trachoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis , 2014, PLoS medicine.

[43]  Jennifer L. Platt,et al.  Integration of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for the Prevention and Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Rationale for Inter-Sectoral Collaboration , 2013, PLoS neglected tropical diseases.

[44]  Jay P. Graham,et al.  Pit Latrines and Their Impacts on Groundwater Quality: A Systematic Review , 2013, Environmental health perspectives.

[45]  Guy Hutton,et al.  Global costs and benefits of reaching universal coverage of sanitation and drinking-water supply. , 2013, Journal of water and health.

[46]  Diana Gosálvez Prados.  Institute of Global Health Innovation , 2012 .

[47]  J. Cassidy.  The college of medicine. , 2011, BMJ.

[48]  Susan B Sorenson,et al.  Safe access to safe water in low income countries: water fetching in current times. , 2011, Social science & medicine.

[49]  G. Davey,et al.  Effectiveness of a Simple Lymphoedema Treatment Regimen in Podoconiosis Management in Southern Ethiopia: One Year Follow-Up , 2010, PLoS neglected tropical diseases.

[50]  Isaac CH Fung,et al.  Water, sanitation and hygiene for the prevention of diarrhoea , 2010, International journal of epidemiology.

[51]  J. Fisher.  Women in water supply, sanitation and hygiene programmes , 2008 .

[52]  F. De Maio,et al.  Income inequality measures , 2007, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health.

[53]  John M Colford,et al.  Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2005, The Lancet. Infectious diseases.

[54]  P. Döll,et al.  Development and validation of a global database of lakes, reservoirs and wetlands , 2004 .

[55]  B. Russett,et al.  The post-war public health effects of civil conflict. , 2004, Social science & medicine.

[56]  D. Hosmer,et al.  Applied Logistic Regression , 1991 .