Many-body dynamics of dipolar molecules in an optical lattice.

We use Ramsey spectroscopy to experimentally probe the quantum dynamics of disordered dipolar-interacting ultracold molecules in a partially filled optical lattice, and we compare the results to theory. We report the capability to control the dipolar interaction strength. We find excellent agreement between our measurements of the spin dynamics and theoretical calculations with no fitting parameters, including the dynamics' dependence on molecule number and on the dipolar interaction strength. This agreement verifies the microscopic model expected to govern the dynamics of dipolar molecules, even in this strongly correlated beyond-mean-field regime, and represents the first step towards using this system to explore many-body dynamics in regimes that are inaccessible to current theoretical techniques.

[1]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[2]  Non‐Markovian Model for the Approach to Equilibrium , 1966 .

[3]  D DeMille.  Quantum computation with trapped polar molecules. , 2002, Physical review letters.

[4]  M. Lukin,et al.  Controlling dipole-dipole frequency shifts in a lattice-based optical atomic clock , 2003, quant-ph/0308068.

[5]  Ericka Stricklin-Parker,et al.  Ann , 2005 .

[6]  D. Basko,et al.  Metal–insulator transition in a weakly interacting many-electron system with localized single-particle states , 2005, cond-mat/0506617.

[7]  M. Lukin,et al.  Quantum magnetism with multicomponent dipolar molecules in an optical lattice. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[8]  P. Zoller,et al.  A toolbox for lattice-spin models with polar molecules , 2006 .

[9]  Bernd Fröhlich,et al.  Strong dipolar effects in a quantum ferrofluid , 2007, Nature.

[10]  Three-body interactions with cold polar molecules , 2007, cond-mat/0703688.

[11]  J. Ye,et al.  A High Phase-Space-Density Gas of Polar Molecules , 2008, Science.

[12]  M. Baranov,et al.  Theoretical progress in many-body physics with ultracold dipolar gases , 2008 .

[13]  P. Zoller,et al.  Suppression of inelastic collisions between polar molecules with a repulsive shield. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[14]  Jun Ye,et al.  Cold and ultracold molecules: science, technology and applications , 2009, 0904.3175.

[15]  M. Lewenstein,et al.  The physics of dipolar bosonic quantum gases , 2009, 0905.0386.

[16]  M. L. Wall,et al.  Emergent timescales in entangled quantum dynamics of ultracold molecules in optical lattices , 2008, 0812.1548.

[17]  R. Rosenfeld.  Nature , 2009, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[18]  Takayuki Watanabe.  Effect of dipole-dipole interaction on unpolarized ultracold fermionic gases in a two-dimensional optical lattice , 2009 .

[19]  Thomas G. Walker,et al.  Quantum information with Rydberg atoms , 2009, 0909.4777.

[20]  J. Ye,et al.  Dipolar collisions of polar molecules in the quantum regime , 2010, Nature.

[21]  R. Krems,et al.  External field control of collective spin excitations in an optical lattice of 2Σ molecules , 2010, 1007.0458.

[22]  M. Lewenstein,et al.  Quantum magnetism and counterflow supersolidity of up–down bosonic dipoles , 2010, 1003.5591.

[23]  A. Daley,et al.  Dynamical crystal creation with polar molecules or Rydberg atoms in optical lattices , 2010, 1003.5858.

[24]  D. Huse,et al.  Many-body localization phase transition , 2010, 1010.1992.

[25]  D. S. Jin,et al.  Quantum-State Controlled Chemical Reactions of Ultracold Potassium-Rubidium Molecules , 2009, Science.

[26]  J. Ye,et al.  Controlling the hyperfine state of rovibronic ground-state polar molecules. , 2009, Physical review letters.

[27]  D. Suter,et al.  NMR quantum simulation of localization effects induced by decoherence. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[28]  D. S. Jin,et al.  Controlling the quantum stereodynamics of ultracold bimolecular reactions , 2010, 1010.3731.

[29]  L. Santos,et al.  Nonlocal state swapping of polar molecules in bilayers , 2011, 1108.5642.

[30]  M. Lukin,et al.  Tunable superfluidity and quantum magnetism with ultracold polar molecules. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[31]  M. Kastner.  Diverging equilibration times in long-range quantum spin models. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[32]  B. Lanyon,et al.  Universal Digital Quantum Simulation with Trapped Ions , 2011, Science.

[33]  S. Sarma,et al.  Prediction of a gapless topological Haldane liquid phase in a one-dimensional cold polar molecular lattice , 2010, 1011.2490.

[34]  R. Krems,et al.  Tunable exciton interactions in optical lattices with polar molecules , 2011, 1112.3942.

[35]  Michael J. Biercuk,et al.  Engineered two-dimensional Ising interactions in a trapped-ion quantum simulator with hundreds of spins , 2012, Nature.

[36]  J. Ye,et al.  Anisotropic polarizability of ultracold polar 40K87Rb molecules. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[37]  Jun Ye,et al.  Long-lived dipolar molecules and Feshbach molecules in a 3D optical lattice. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[38]  T. Pfau,et al.  Atomic Pair-State Interferometer: Controlling and Measuring an Interaction-Induced Phase Shift in Rydberg-Atom Pairs , 2012 .

[39]  Mingwu Lu,et al.  Quantum degenerate dipolar Fermi gas. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[40]  Michael Foss-Feig,et al.  Far-from-equilibrium quantum magnetism with ultracold polar molecules. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[41]  F. Fressin,et al.  Emergence and Frustration of Magnetism with Variable-Range Interactions in a Quantum Simulator , 2012, Science.

[42]  Sabre Kais,et al.  Manipulation of molecules with electromagnetic fields , 2013, 1306.0912.

[43]  J. Bollinger,et al.  Nonequilibrium dynamics of arbitrary-range Ising models with decoherence: An exact analytic solution , 2012, 1209.5795.

[44]  A. Sharma,et al.  Nonequilibrium quantum magnetism in a dipolar lattice gas. , 2013, Physical review letters.

[45]  Semion K. Saikin,et al.  Photonics meets excitonics: natural and artificial molecular aggregates , 2013, 1304.0124.

[46]  M. Bishof,et al.  A Quantum Many-Body Spin System in an Optical Lattice Clock , 2012, Science.

[47]  E. M. Stoudenmire,et al.  Topological phases in ultracold polar-molecule quantum magnets , 2012, 1210.5518.

[48]  Jun Ye,et al.  Observation of dipolar spin-exchange interactions with lattice-confined polar molecules , 2013, Nature.

[49]  M. L. Wall,et al.  Suppressing the loss of ultracold molecules via the continuous quantum Zeno effect. , 2013, Physical review letters.

[50]  N. Cooper,et al.  Bose-Einstein condensation and many-body localization of rotational excitations of polar molecules following a microwave pulse , 2013, Physical Review A.