On the focusing issue of synthetic aperture radar imaging of ocean waves

It is widely accepted that the imaging of ocean surface waves by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can be adequately described by velocity bunching theory in conjunction with the two-scale wave model. However, it has been conjectured that this theory is incapable of explaining why, under certain conditions, the image contrast of airborne SAR imagery of ocean waves can be enhanced by defocusing the SAR processor. In the present study the velocity bunching theory is defended. >

[1]  J. Wright,et al.  Microwave scattering and the straining of wind‐generated waves , 1975 .

[2]  Werner Alpers,et al.  Focusing simulations of synthetic aperture radar ocean images , 1990 .

[3]  A. Jain,et al.  SAR imaging of ocean waves: Theory , 1981 .

[4]  J. Wright.  A new model for sea clutter , 1968 .

[5]  F. Henyey,et al.  Comparison of Computed SAR Focus-Setting Curves with Model Predictions , 1987 .

[6]  O. Shemdin,et al.  Synthetic aperture radar imaging of ocean waves during the marineland experiment , 1983 .

[7]  Werner Alpers,et al.  Validation of a synthetic aperture radar ocean wave imaging theory by the Shuttle Imaging Radar-B Experiment over the North Sea , 1988 .

[8]  P. W. Vachon,et al.  Synthetic Aperture Radar imaging of ocean waves from an airborne platform: Focus and tracking issues , 1988 .

[9]  William J. Plant,et al.  The two-scale radar wave probe and SAR imagery of the ocean , 1983 .

[10]  W. Alpers,et al.  On the Relative Importance of Motion-Related Contributions to the SAR Imaging Mechanism of Ocean Surface Waves , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[11]  M. Tucker.  The decorrelation time of microwave radar echoes from the sea surface , 1985 .

[12]  R. Raney,et al.  Wave orbital velocity, fade, and SAR response to azimuth waves , 1981, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering.

[13]  Omar H. Shemdin,et al.  Theory for synthetic aperture radar imaging of the ocean surface: With application to the Tower Ocean Wave and Radar Dependence Experiment on focus, resolution, and wave height spectra , 1988 .

[14]  Calvin T. Swift,et al.  Synthetic aperture radar imaging of moving ocean waves , 1979 .

[15]  R. Raney,et al.  Theory of synthetic aperture radar ocean imaging: A MARSEN view , 1985 .

[16]  O. H. Shemdin,et al.  Tower Ocean Wave and Radar Dependence Experiment: An overview , 1988 .

[17]  Werner Alpers,et al.  Monte-Carlo simulation studies of the nonlinear imaging of a two dimensional surface wave field by a synthetic aperture radar , 1990 .

[18]  O. H. Shemdin,et al.  L band SAR ocean wave observations during Marsen , 1983 .

[19]  Robert O. Harger,et al.  Comparisons of simulated and actual synthetic aperture radar gravity wave images , 1988 .

[20]  D.W. Hayt,et al.  Focusing Simulations Of Sar Ocean Images , 1989, 12th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,.

[21]  Atul K. Jain,et al.  Focusing effects in the synthetic aperture radar imaging of ocean waves , 1978 .

[22]  Werner Alpers,et al.  Monte Carlo simulations for studying the relationship between ocean wave and synthetic aperture radar image spectra , 1983 .

[23]  D. Ross,et al.  On the detectability of ocean surface waves by real and synthetic aperture radar , 1981 .

[24]  Werner Alpers,et al.  The effect of orbital motions on synthetic aperture radar imagery of ocean waves , 1979 .

[25]  R. Keith Raney,et al.  SAR mechanisms for imaging waves , 1979 .

[26]  R. Raney,et al.  SAR response to partially coherent phenomena , 1980 .

[27]  A. Ivanov.  On the mechanism for imaging ocean waves by synthetic aperture radar , 1983 .

[28]  David R. Lyzenga,et al.  An analytic representation of the synthetic aperture radar image spectrum for ocean waves , 1988 .

[29]  Werner Alpers,et al.  Comparison of Simulated and Measured Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Spectra with Buoy-Derived Ocean Wave Spectra During the Shuttle Imaging Radar B Mission , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[30]  R. Keith Raney,et al.  Synthetic Aperture Imaging Radar and Moving Targets , 1971, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.