ESAT‐6‐ and CFP‐10‐Specific Th1, Th22 and Th17 Cells in Tuberculous Pleurisy May Contribute to the Local Immune Response Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection

Th1 cell‐mediated adaptive immune response is very important but may not be sufficient to control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection. The roles of the various T cell subsets and cytokines in the inflammatory processes are not clearly elucidated. We investigated whether Th1, Th22 and Th17 cells mediated cellular immunity at the local site of M. tuberculosis infection in patients with tuberculous pleurisy (TBP). The results showed that the cytokines IFN‐γ and IL‐22 but not IL‐17 were elevated in tubercular pleural fluid. Following stimulation with immune‐dominant peptides of early secreted antigenic target‐6 (ESAT‐6), culture filtrate protein‐10 (CFP‐10) or Bacille Calmette–Guerin, pleural fluid mononuclear cells expressed high levels of cytokines IFN‐γ, IL‐22 and IL‐17 as revealed by mRNA and protein measurements. In addition, we showed that cytokines IFN‐γ, IL‐22 and IL‐17 were produced in M. tuberculosis‐specific immune response by distinct subsets of CD4+ T cells with the phenotype of CD45RA−CD62L−CCR7+CD27+. Our results demonstrated for the first time that ESAT‐6‐ and CFP‐10‐specific Th1, Th22 and Th17 cells existed in the patients with TBP and might play an essential role against M. tuberculosis infection. The findings of this study raised the possibility of unravelling the critical targets for therapeutic intervention in chronic inflammatory diseases such as TBP.

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