An RFID system is a tracking and tracing system, and is useful for the management of various items and animals in a supply chain, animal husbandry and so on. According to a Japanese investigation firm, the number of RFID tags in Japan will increase rapidly from 51 million in 2007 to 1.7 billion in 2012 (Yano Research Institute, 2008). In RFID systems, RFID tags, which have unique IDs, are attached to items, and RFID readers confirm whether something is there and identify what it is by obtaining its ID. It is, however, pointed out that exploiting RFID systems could lead to some privacy issues. One issue is that someone may know what you have by getting the IDs of your items. Another one is that someone may know when and where you were by recording the time and the place at which the IDs were obtained. Many kinds of countermeasures against these issues have been proposed. Some of them have been implemented in RFID products. This chapter explains the privacy issues concerning RFID systems, their countermeasures and finally compares them from the security point of view.
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