Biogenic deterioration of concrete and its mitigation technologies

Abstract Concrete is used in great volumes for construction of buildings, roads, sewer systems, marine structures, bridges, and tunnels. Although chemical degradation is regarded as the major cause of their deterioration, recent research has revealed important role of biogenic deterioration. In particular, biogenic deterioration is a serious problem in sewer systems, subsea pipelines, bridge piers, oil and gas pipelines, and offshore platforms. Recently, nanomaterial-embedded concrete and nanomaterial-incorporated coatings with novel functionalities such as self-protection and anti-corrosion ability have been successfully developed for prevention and control of concrete deterioration. This paper presents an overview of both existing control measures and recent progress on development of nano-enabled approaches for protection of concrete structures against biogenic deterioration.

[1]  G. Tyson,et al.  High-Throughput Amplicon Sequencing Reveals Distinct Communities within a Corroding Concrete Sewer System , 2012, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[2]  Jonjaua Ranogajec,et al.  Photocatalytic activity and stability of TiO2/ZnAl layered double hydroxide based coatings on mortar substrates , 2015 .

[3]  Guanghao Chen,et al.  Utilization of oxygen in a sanitary gravity sewer , 2000 .

[4]  Heriberto Bustamante,et al.  Surface neutralization and H(2)S oxidation at early stages of sewer corrosion: influence of temperature, relative humidity and H(2)S concentration. , 2012, Water research.

[5]  D. Cleland,et al.  Assessment of the durability of concrete from its permeation properties: a review , 2001 .

[6]  E. J. Akpabio,et al.  Inhibition and Control of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in Oilfield Materials , 2011 .

[7]  Lutz Mädler,et al.  Decreased dissolution of ZnO by iron doping yields nanoparticles with reduced toxicity in the rodent lung and zebrafish embryos. , 2011, ACS nano.

[8]  Christopher K.Y. Leung,et al.  Barrier performance of silane–clay nanocomposite coatings on concrete structure , 2008 .

[9]  Enrico Quagliarini,et al.  Evaluation of inhibitory effect of TiO2 nanocoatings against microalgal growth on clay brick façades under weak UV exposure conditions , 2013 .

[10]  F. Zhao,et al.  Chemistry of carbon nanotubes in biomedical applications , 2010 .

[11]  Kiyoshi Okada,et al.  Nanosized silver-anionic clay matrix as nanostructured ensembles with antimicrobial activity. , 2009, International journal of antimicrobial agents.

[12]  Ray Rootsey,et al.  Chemical dosing for sulfide control in Australia: An industry survey. , 2011, Water research.

[13]  Fuchun Liu,et al.  Characterization of protective performance of epoxy reinforced with nanometer-sized TiO2 and SiO2 , 2008 .

[14]  D. M. Roy,et al.  Effect of silica fume, metakaolin, and low-calcium fly ash on chemical resistance of concrete , 2001 .

[15]  Pedro J. J. Alvarez,et al.  Nanomaterials in the construction industry: a review of their applications and environmental health and safety considerations. , 2010, ACS nano.

[16]  Kestur Gundappa Satyanarayana,et al.  Nanocomposites: synthesis, structure, properties and new application opportunities , 2009 .

[17]  Mitchell House,et al.  Review of Microbially Induced Corrosion and Comments on Needs Related to Testing Procedures , 2014 .

[18]  R. P. George,et al.  Current understanding and Future Approaches for Controlling Microbially Influenced Concrete Corrosion: A Review , 2012 .

[19]  L. J. Parrott,et al.  Damage caused by carbonation of reinforced concrete , 1990 .

[20]  Vicente Gomez-Alvarez,et al.  Molecular survey of concrete sewer biofilm microbial communities , 2011, Biofouling.

[21]  L. A. Allen THE EFFECT OF NITRO‐COMPOUNDS AND SOME OTHER SUBSTANCES ON PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE BY SULPHATE‐REDUCING BACTERIA IN SEWAGE , 1949 .

[22]  Jeffrey L. Davis,et al.  Analysis of concrete from corroded sewer pipe , 1998 .

[23]  Cd Parker,et al.  THE CORROSION OF CONCRETE: 2. THE FUNCTION OF THIOBACILLUS CONCRETIVORUS (NOV. SPEC.) IN THE CORROSION OF CONCRETE EXPOSED TO ATMOSPHERES CONTAINING HYDROGEN SULPHIDE. , 1945 .

[24]  Bing Tian,et al.  Does gypsum formation during sulfate attack on concrete lead to expansion , 2000 .

[25]  B. Cwalina,et al.  Biodeterioration of concrete , 2008 .

[26]  Jukka Lahdensivu,et al.  Evaluation of a carbonation model for existing concrete facades and balconies by consecutive field measurements , 2016 .

[27]  Shamsad Ahmad Reinforcement corrosion in concrete structures, its monitoring and service life prediction - A review , 2003 .

[28]  Nele De Belie,et al.  Titanium dioxide based strategies to prevent algal fouling on cementitious materials , 2013 .

[29]  Michael V. Liga,et al.  Antimicrobial nanomaterials for water disinfection and microbial control: potential applications and implications. , 2008, Water research.

[30]  Nur Yazdani,et al.  Optimum mix ratio for carbon nanotubes in cement mortar , 2015 .

[31]  A. K. Parande,et al.  Deterioration of reinforced concrete in sewer environments , 2006 .

[32]  Hung Duc Phan,et al.  Development of anti-fungal mortar and concrete using Zeolite and Zeocarbon microcapsules , 2009 .

[33]  Pedro J. J. Alvarez,et al.  Potential Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Nanomaterials Used in the Construction Industry , 2009 .

[34]  Paola Russo,et al.  Preparation and evaluation of polymer/clay nanocomposite surface treatments for concrete durability enhancement , 2012 .

[35]  George John,et al.  Silver-nanoparticle-embedded antimicrobial paints based on vegetable oil. , 2008, Nature materials.

[36]  Tesfaalem Haile,et al.  Inhibition of microbial concrete corrosion by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans with functionalised zeolite-A coating , 2009, Biofouling.

[37]  C. E. Caballero,et al.  ON THE EFFECT OF FLY ASH ON THE CORROSION PROPERTIES OF REINFORCED MORTARS , 2000 .

[38]  Ameer Azam,et al.  Antimicrobial activity of metal oxide nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: a comparative study , 2012, International journal of nanomedicine.

[39]  Deborah J. Roberts,et al.  Isolation and characterization of microorganisms involved in the biodeterioration of concrete in sewers , 2000 .

[40]  Emma Strömberg,et al.  The influence of Ag(+), Zn(2+) and Cu(2+) exchanged zeolite on antimicrobial and long term in vitro stability of medical grade polyether polyurethane , 2011 .

[41]  Peter Pryfogle,et al.  Monitoring Biological Activity at Geothermal Power Plants , 2005 .

[42]  K. Tuutti Corrosion of steel in concrete , 1982 .

[43]  G. Rodríguez-Fuentes,et al.  Silver supported on natural Mexican zeolite as an antibacterial material , 2000 .

[44]  Feng Zhao,et al.  Low-toxic and safe nanomaterials by surface-chemical design, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, metallofullerenes, and graphenes. , 2011, Nanoscale.

[45]  Jes Vollertsen,et al.  Effect of temperature on air-water transfer of hydrogen sulfide , 2004 .

[46]  M. Mouli,et al.  Studies on Chemical Resistance of PET-Mortar Composites: Microstructure and Phase Composition Changes , 2013 .

[47]  H. Kaltwasser,et al.  Destruction of concrete by nitrification , 1976, European journal of applied microbiology and biotechnology.

[48]  Kirsten Eriksen Thaumasite attack on concrete at Marbjerg Waterworks , 2003 .

[49]  Willy Verstraete,et al.  Chemical and biological technologies for hydrogen sulfide emission control in sewer systems: a review. , 2008, Water research.

[50]  Anwar Khitab,et al.  Development of an Acid Resistant Concrete: A Review , 2013 .

[51]  K. Kamimura,et al.  Isolation of iron-oxidizing bacteria from corroded concretes of sewage treatment plants. , 1999, Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.

[52]  J. Ou,et al.  Microstructure of cement mortar with nano-particles , 2004 .

[53]  Yang-Seob Soh,et al.  Antifungal effects of cement mortars with two types of organic antifungal agents , 2005 .

[54]  Erez N. Allouche,et al.  Evaluation of the bactericidal characteristics of nano-copper oxide or functionalized zeolite coating for bio-corrosion control in concrete sewer pipes , 2010 .

[55]  Cumaraswamy Vipulanandan,et al.  GLASS-FIBER MAT REINFORCED EPOXY COATING FOR CONCRETE IN SULFURIC ACID ENVIRONMENT , 2002 .

[56]  R. E. Beddoe,et al.  Modelling acid attack on concrete: Part I. The essential mechanisms , 2005 .

[57]  Omar S. Baghabra Al-Amoudi,et al.  Effectiveness of surface coatings in improving concrete durability , 2003 .

[58]  Zh.P. Kopteva,et al.  Microbial Corrosion of Protective Coatings , 2004 .

[59]  Lucas Reijnders,et al.  Use of nanomaterials in the European construction industry and some occupational health aspects thereof , 2011 .

[60]  T. Yan,et al.  Pyrosequencing reveals correlations between extremely acidophilic bacterial communities with hydrogen sulphide concentrations, pH and inert polymer coatings at concrete sewer crown surfaces , 2014, Journal of applied microbiology.

[61]  Carolyn M. Dry,et al.  A time-release technique for corrosion prevention , 1998 .

[62]  Joseph S. Devinny,et al.  Microbial Ecology of Crown Corrosion in Sewers , 1991 .

[63]  G. H. Booth Sulphur Bacteria in Relation to Corrosion , 1964 .

[64]  Raúl Fangueiro,et al.  A review on nanomaterial dispersion, microstructure, and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube and nanofiber reinforced cementitious composites , 2013 .

[65]  Gino Mirocle Crisci,et al.  Multifunctional TiO2 coatings for Cultural Heritage , 2012 .

[66]  W Verstraete,et al.  Antimicrobial mortar surfaces for the improvement of hygienic conditions , 2010, Journal of applied microbiology.

[67]  David Trejo,et al.  ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF MICROBIAL BIOFILM- MEDIATED CONCRETE DETERIORATION , 2008 .

[68]  Liviu Sacarescu,et al.  Silsesquioxane-based hybrid nanocomposites with methacrylate units containing titania and/or silver nanoparticles as antibacterial/antifungal coatings for monumental stones , 2013 .

[69]  David Trejo,et al.  Microbial mediated deterioration of reinforced concrete structures , 2010 .

[70]  Wolfgang Sand,et al.  THE IMPACT OF MICROORGANISMS - ESPECIALLY NITRIC ACID PRODUCING BACTERIA - ON THE DETERIORATION OF NATURAL STONES , 1991 .

[71]  Na Wang,et al.  Effect of nano-sized mesoporous silica MCM-41 and MMT on corrosion properties of epoxy coating , 2012 .

[72]  Erez N. Allouche,et al.  Effect of mixture design parameters and wetting-drying cycles on resistance of concrete to sulfuric acid attack , 2007 .

[73]  Sabrina Grassini,et al.  Synthesis of silver/epoxy nanocomposites by visible light sensitization using highly conjugated thiophene derivatives , 2011 .

[74]  Mark Hernandez,et al.  BIOGENIC SULFURIC ACID ATTACK ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMMERCIALLY PRODUCED CONCRETE SEWER PIPES , 2010 .

[75]  Tomasz Błaszczyński,et al.  The influence of crude oil products on RC structure destruction , 2011 .

[76]  Jurg Keller,et al.  A novel and simple treatment for control of sulfide induced sewer concrete corrosion using free nitrous acid. , 2015, Water research.

[77]  Satoshi Okabe,et al.  Succession of Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria in the Microbial Community on Corroding Concrete in Sewer Systems , 2006, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[78]  Erez N. Allouche,et al.  Evaluation of the resistance of mortars coated with silver bearing zeolite to bacterial-induced corrosion , 2008 .

[79]  Serdar Aydın,et al.  Sulfuric acid resistance of high-volume fly ash concrete , 2007 .

[80]  Mehdi Nemati,et al.  Impact of Nitrate‐Mediated Microbial Control of Souring in Oil Reservoirs on the Extent of Corrosion , 2001, Biotechnology progress.

[81]  Feng Xing,et al.  Experimental study on effects of CO2 concentrations on concrete carbonation and diffusion mechanisms , 2015 .

[82]  Iman M. Nikbin,et al.  An experimental investigation on the erosion resistance of concrete containing various PET particles percentages against sulfuric acid attack , 2015 .

[83]  Michael D.A. Thomas,et al.  The effect of fly ash composition on the expansion of concrete due to alkali-silica reaction , 2000 .

[84]  Thorkild Hvitved-Jacobsen,et al.  Sulfide-iron interactions in domestic wastewater from a gravity sewer. , 2005, Water research.

[85]  Luc Taerwe,et al.  Chemical and microbiological tests to simulate sulfuric acid corrosion of polymer-modified concrete , 2001 .

[86]  Francesca Cappitelli,et al.  Microorganisms Attack Synthetic Polymers in Items Representing Our Cultural Heritage , 2007, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[87]  Lutz Mädler,et al.  Stability, bioavailability, and bacterial toxicity of ZnO and iron-doped ZnO nanoparticles in aquatic media. , 2011, Environmental science & technology.

[88]  Rob B. Polder,et al.  Effects of slag and fly ash on reinforcement corrosion in concrete in chloride environment. Research from the Netherlands , 2012 .

[89]  M. Tyler Ley,et al.  Isolation of a sulfur-oxidizing Streptomyces sp. from deteriorating bridge structures and its role in concrete deterioration , 2015 .

[90]  Nele De Belie,et al.  Effectiveness of admixtures, surface treatments and antimicrobial compounds against biogenic sulfuric acid corrosion of concrete , 2009 .

[91]  Robert E. Melchers,et al.  Modelling concrete deterioration in sewers using theory and field observations , 2015 .

[92]  T. Mori,et al.  Interactions of nutrients, moisture and pH on microbial corrosion of concrete sewer pipes , 1992 .

[93]  Wolfgang Sand,et al.  Thiobacilli of the Corroded Concrete Walls of the Hamburg Sewer System , 1983 .

[94]  E. V. Lebedeva,et al.  Microbiological corrosion of concrete structures of hydraulic facilities , 1991 .

[95]  Zhenglong Jiang,et al.  Microbiologically induced deterioration of concrete - A Review , 2013, Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology].

[96]  Erez N. Allouche,et al.  Electrokinetically deposited coating for increasing the service life of partially deteriorated concrete sewers , 2010 .

[97]  C. Gaylarde,et al.  Microbial impact on building materials: an overview , 2003 .

[98]  Anne J Anderson,et al.  Antimicrobial activities of commercial nanoparticles against an environmental soil microbe, Pseudomonas putida KT2440 , 2009, Journal of biological engineering.

[99]  Kerry L. Sublette,et al.  Microbial control of hydrogen sulfide production in a porous medium , 1996 .

[100]  Cumaraswamy Vipulanandan,et al.  Evaluating a polymer concrete coating for protecting non-metallic underground facilities from sulfuric acid attack , 2001 .

[101]  Richard G. Compton,et al.  Why are Silver Nanoparticles More Toxic Than Bulk Silver? Towards Understanding the Dissolution and Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles , 2014, International Journal of Electrochemical Science.

[102]  Seungpyo Hong,et al.  Nanoparticle interaction with biological membranes: does nanotechnology present a Janus face? , 2007, Accounts of chemical research.

[103]  W. Sand,et al.  Microbial corrosion of concrete , 1991, Experientia.

[104]  Jurg Keller,et al.  Determining the long-term effects of H₂S concentration, relative humidity and air temperature on concrete sewer corrosion. , 2014, Water research.

[105]  A Paul Alivisatos,et al.  Cellular effect of high doses of silica-coated quantum dot profiled with high throughput gene expression analysis and high content cellomics measurements. , 2006, Nano letters.

[106]  J. McCaffery,et al.  Heteroaggregation Reduces Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles: Evidence for Nanoparticle–Cell Proximity Effects , 2014 .

[107]  Cumaraswamy Vipulanandan,et al.  Polymer Coatings for Concrete Surfaces: Testing and Modeling , 2013 .

[108]  Barzin Mobasher,et al.  Cement-based biocide coatings for controlling algal growth in water distribution canals , 2008 .

[109]  Y. Ohama,et al.  POLYMER-BASED ADMIXTURES , 1998 .

[110]  Pieter T. Visscher,et al.  Microbe–mineral interactions: early carbonate precipitation in a hypersaline lake (Eleuthera Island, Bahamas) , 2004 .

[111]  A. Chaipanich,et al.  Compressive strength and microstructure of carbon nanotubes–fly ash cement composites , 2010 .

[112]  Stuart Lyon,et al.  CORROSION OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL EMBEDDED IN HIGH WATER-CEMENT RATIO CONCRETE CONTAMINATED WITH CHLORIDE , 1998 .

[113]  Mitsuo Kitagawa,et al.  Controlling sulfide generation in force mains by air injection , 1998 .

[114]  Christine C. Gaylarde,et al.  Inhibition of Cladosporium growth on gypsum panels treated with nanosilver particles , 2013 .

[115]  Mohamad Amran Mohd Salleh,et al.  Experimental investigation of the size effects of SiO2 nano-particles on the mechanical properties of binary blended concrete , 2010 .

[116]  Luc Taerwe,et al.  Resistance to biogenic sulphuric acid corrosion of polymer-modified mortars , 2001 .

[117]  Marita L. Berndt,et al.  Evaluation of coatings, mortars and mix design for protection of concrete against sulphur oxidising bacteria , 2011 .

[118]  Yan-rong Zhang,et al.  Polymer-modified mortar with a gradient polymer distribution: Preparation, permeability, and mechanical behaviour , 2013 .

[119]  Nardy Kip,et al.  The dual role of microbes in corrosion , 2014, The ISME Journal.

[120]  Peiming Wang,et al.  Function of styrene-acrylic ester copolymer latex in cement mortar , 2010 .

[121]  Erez N. Allouche,et al.  Beneficial impact of coatings on biological generation of sulfide in concrete sewer pipes , 2007 .

[122]  Thomas J Webster,et al.  Antimicrobial applications of nanotechnology: methods and literature , 2012, International journal of nanomedicine.

[123]  Mark E. Davis Zeolite-based catalysts for chemicals synthesis , 1998 .

[124]  U. Citernesi,et al.  Microbiological aspects of concrete and iron deterioration in geothermal power-plants , 1985 .

[125]  Furong Gao,et al.  The experimental investigation of width of semi-carbonation zone in carbonated concrete , 2014 .

[126]  F. H. Dakhil,et al.  Use of Surface Treatment Materials to Improve Concrete Durability , 1999 .

[127]  Parviz Soroushian,et al.  Enhancement of the durability characteristics of concrete nanocomposite pipes with modified graphite nanoplatelets , 2013 .

[128]  S. Kosa,et al.  Extraction of nanosized cobalt sulfide from spent hydrocracking catalyst , 2013 .

[129]  Kazuo Shoji,et al.  Corrosion by bacteria of concrete in sewerage systems and inhibitory effects of formates on their growth. , 2002, Water research.

[130]  Jun Zhang,et al.  The Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of CuO and ZnO Nanoparticles , 2012, Materials.

[131]  Wolfgang Sand,et al.  Importance of Hydrogen Sulfide, Thiosulfate, and Methylmercaptan for Growth of Thiobacilli during Simulation of Concrete Corrosion , 1987, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[132]  D. Grigoriev,et al.  Anticorrosion Coatings with Self-Recovering Ability Based on Damage-Triggered Micro- and Nanocontainers , 2015 .

[133]  Satoshi Okabe,et al.  Microbial community structures and in situ sulfate-reducing and sulfur-oxidizing activities in biofilms developed on mortar specimens in a corroded sewer system , 2018 .

[134]  Fumiaki Takeuchi,et al.  Growth Inhibition by Tungsten in the Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacterium Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans , 2005, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.

[135]  Young Tai Kho,et al.  Microbiologically influenced corrosion of underground pipelines under the disbonded coatings , 2000 .

[136]  Li Shu,et al.  Mitigation strategies of hydrogen sulphide emission in sewer networks – A review , 2014 .

[137]  Shweta Goyal,et al.  Resistance of Mineral Admixture Concrete to Acid Attack , 2009 .