Remarks on Causatives and Passive

The investigation of causative constructions has been a topic of enduring interest among linguists, generative and non-generative alike. For one thing, the variability and sheer complexity of the relevant empirical domain, even within a group of closely related languages such as Romance, poses considerable and often daunting descriptive challenges. On the other hand, comparative work by linguists of various theoretical persuasions (Aissen 1974, Aissen 1979, Baker 1985, Comrie 1976, Marantz 1984, Zubizarreta 1982, Zubizarreta 1985, among many others) has shown that certain properties of causatives recur with striking regularity among unrelated and typologically otherwise diverse languages, in the absence of areal contact. This holds out the hope that the bewildering variety of data that we are faced with when we consider causative constructions can be understood with reference to a relatively small number of causative types. At first glance, the most salient distinction is that between syntactic and morphological causative formation. As is well known, in some languages the causative is expressed by means of syntactic complementation, as in the English example in (I), whereas in others it involves morphological affixation, as in the Japanese equivalent of (1) given in (2). Comments University of Pennsylvania Department of Computer and Information Science Technical Report No. MSCIS-88-33. This technical report is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/cis_reports/614 REMARKS ON CAUSATIVES AND PASSIVE Beatrice Santorini Caroline Heycock MS-CIS-88-33 LlNC LAB 112 Department of Computer and Information Science School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 191 04

[1]  Morgan Callaway,et al.  The infinitive in Anglo-Saxon , 2007 .

[2]  M. Zubizarreta The relation between morphophonology and morphosyntax: the case of Romance causatives , 1985 .

[3]  O. Jespersen A modern English grammar on historical principles , 1928 .

[4]  Aravind K. Joshi,et al.  Tree Adjunct Grammars , 1975, J. Comput. Syst. Sci..

[5]  R. Oehrle,et al.  Books Awaiting Review , 1984, CL.

[6]  Judith Aissen The syntax of causative constructions , 1979 .

[7]  J. Todd Hoeksema 8. A Constraint on Governors in the West Germanic Verb Cluster , 1988 .

[8]  Grant Goodall,et al.  Parallel structures in syntax , 1987 .

[9]  Tilman N. Höhle Lexikalistische Syntax : die Aktiv-Passiv-Relation und andere Infinitkonstruktionen im Deutschen , 1978 .

[10]  Aravind K. Joshi,et al.  Natural language parsing: Tree adjoining grammars: How much context-sensitivity is required to provide reasonable structural descriptions? , 1985 .

[11]  Anthony S. Kroch,et al.  Unbounded Dependencies and Subjacency in a Tree Adjoining Grammar , 1987 .

[12]  D. Estival THE PASSIVE IN ENGLISH: A CASE OF SYNTACTIC CHANGE , 1986 .

[13]  Mark C. Baker,et al.  Incorporation: A Theory of Grammatical Function Changing , 1988 .

[14]  Noam Chomsky,et al.  Lectures on Government and Binding , 1981 .

[15]  L. Rizzi Null objects in Italian and the theory of 'pro' , 1986 .

[16]  N. R. Cattell,et al.  Composite predicates in English , 1984 .

[17]  Ottojespersen A Modern English Grammar On Historical Principles Part Vi , 1954 .

[18]  Tim Stowell,et al.  Origins of phrase structure , 1981 .

[19]  Jerold A. Edmondson,et al.  The Verbal Complex in Continental West Germanic , 1983 .

[20]  Richard S. Kayne,et al.  French Syntax: The Transformational Cycle , 1975 .

[21]  Anthony S. Kroch,et al.  Analyzing extraposition in a Tree Adjoining Gram-mar , 1987 .

[22]  井上 和子,et al.  Explorations in linguistics : papers in honor of Kazuko Inoue , 1979 .

[23]  Masayoshi Shibatani,et al.  Where Morphology and Syntax Clash::A Case in Japanese Aspectual Verbs , 1973 .

[24]  Caroline Heycock,et al.  The structure of the Japanese causative , 1987 .

[25]  Luigi Burzio,et al.  Italian Syntax: A Government-Binding Approach , 1986 .

[26]  Anthony S. Kroch,et al.  The Linguistic Relevance of Tree Adjoining Grammar , 1985 .

[27]  Frederik Theodoor Visser,et al.  An Historical Syntax of the English Language , 2002 .

[28]  Peter Steven Rosenbaum,et al.  The grammar of English predicate complement constructions , 1967 .

[29]  Paul M. Postal,et al.  Studies Of Passive Clauses , 1985 .

[30]  岩田 一男,et al.  Essentials of English grammar , 1972 .

[31]  Larry D. King,et al.  Gramatica de infinitivo portugues , 1978 .

[32]  Shigeru Miyagawa Complex Verbs and the Lexicon , 1980 .

[33]  Adriana Belletti,et al.  Theory of Markedness in Generative Grammar , 1979 .

[34]  Hans Nilssox-Ehle OBSERVATIONS SUR LA SOUDURE SYNTAXIQUE DU GROUPE ‘FAIRE + INFINITIF’ , 1948 .

[35]  Shigeru Miyagawa,et al.  Blocking and Japanese causatives , 1984 .