Electron heating via mode converted ion Bernstein waves in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

Highly localized direct electron heating [full width at half-maximum (FWHM)≅0.2a] via mode converted ion Bernstein waves has been observed in the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak [I. H. Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)]. Electron heating at or near the plasma center (r/a⩾0.3) has been observed in H(3He) discharges at B0=(6.0–6.5) T and ne(0)≅1.8×1020 m−3. [Here, the minority ion species is indicated parenthetically.] Off-axis heating (r/a⩾0.5) has also been observed in D(3He) plasmas at B0=7.9 T. The concentration of 3He in these experiments was in the range of n3He/ne≅(0.2–0.3) and the locations of the mode conversion layer and electron heating peak could be controlled by changing the 3He concentration or toroidal magnetic field (B0). The electron heating profiles were deduced using a rf modulation technique. Detailed comparisons with one-dimensional and toroidal full-wave models in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies have been carried out. One-dimensional full-wave code predictions were found to ...

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