VRShop: A Mobile Interactive Virtual Reality Shopping Environment Combining the Benefits of On- and Offline Shopping

In this work, we explored the main characteristics of on- and offline shops with regard to customer shopping behavior and frequency. Thus, we designed and implemented an immersive virtual reality (VR) online shopping environment. We tried to maintain the benefits of online shops, like search functionality and availability, while simultaneously focusing on shopping experience and immersion. By touching the third dimension, VR provides a more advanced form of visualization, which can increase the customer’s satisfaction and thus shopping experience. We further introduced the Virtual Reality Shopping Experience (VRSE) model based on customer satisfaction, task performance and user preference. A case study of a first VR shop prototype was conducted and evaluated with respect to the VRSE model. The results showed that the usability and user experience of our system is above average overall. In summary, searching for a product in a WebVR online shop using speech input in combination with VR output proved to be the best regarding user performance (speed, error rate) and preference (usability, user experience, immersion, motion sickness).

[1]  William Ribarsky,et al.  Simulator sickness and presence in a high field-of-view virtual environment , 2002, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[2]  Tian Chen,et al.  EasyMall - An Interactive Virtual Shopping System , 2008, 2008 Fifth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery.

[3]  Luca Chittaro,et al.  Adding Adaptive Features to Virtual Reality Interfaces for E-Commerce , 2000, AH.

[4]  Peter A. Todd,et al.  Consumer Reactions to Electronic Shopping on the World Wide Web , 1996, Int. J. Electron. Commer..

[5]  Henry Been-Lirn Duh,et al.  Effects of field of view on presence, enjoyment, memory, and simulator sickness in a virtual environment , 2002, Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality 2002.

[6]  Ning Zhang,et al.  The virtual reality system in electronic commerce , 2012, 2012 IEEE Symposium on Robotics and Applications (ISRA).

[7]  Martin Schrepp,et al.  Construction and Evaluation of a User Experience Questionnaire , 2008, USAB.

[8]  Michel Buffa,et al.  3D virtual warehouse on the Web , 2000, 2000 IEEE Conference on Information Visualization. An International Conference on Computer Visualization and Graphics.

[9]  Robert M. Hayes,et al.  Systems analysis and design , 1970, ACM '70.

[10]  Katsumi Yamashita,et al.  Mixed-reality shopping system using HMD and smartwatch , 2015, UbiComp/ISWC Adjunct.

[11]  Kori Inkpen Quinn,et al.  Remote shopping advice: enhancing in-store shopping with social technologies , 2014, CSCW.

[12]  Laura A. Dabbish,et al.  Shop-i: Gaze based Interaction in the Physical World for In-Store Social Shopping Experience , 2015, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[13]  Antonio Krüger,et al.  Using intelligent natural user interfaces to support sales conversations , 2012, IUI '12.

[14]  Ding-Hau Huang,et al.  Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Online Fashion Store Development , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering.

[15]  Ronald R. Mourant,et al.  Simulator Sickness in a Virtual Environments Driving Simulator , 2000 .

[16]  Kun Chang Lee,et al.  Empirical analysis of consumer reaction to the virtual reality shopping mall , 2008, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[17]  Gerald L. Lohse,et al.  Quantifying the effect of user interface design features on cyberstore traffic and sales , 1998, CHI.

[18]  Mel Slater,et al.  Depth of Presence in Virtual Environments , 1994, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[19]  Ivan Poupyrev,et al.  3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice , 2004 .

[20]  Mike Schuster,et al.  Speech Recognition for Mobile Devices at Google , 2010, PRICAI.

[21]  Steven K. Feiner,et al.  Combating VR sickness through subtle dynamic field-of-view modification , 2016, 2016 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI).

[22]  Sarah Sharples,et al.  Virtual reality induced symptoms and effects (VRISE): Comparison of head mounted display (HMD), desktop and projection display systems , 2008, Displays.

[23]  Hideyuki Takagi,et al.  Virtual reality environment design of managing both presence and virtual reality sickness. , 2004, Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science.

[24]  Howell O. Istance,et al.  Snap clutch, a moded approach to solving the Midas touch problem , 2008, ETRA.

[25]  David A. Griffith,et al.  The Role of Interface in Electronic Commerce: Consumer Involvement with Print Versus On-Line Catalogs , 2001, Int. J. Electron. Commer..

[26]  Ferran Argelaguet,et al.  A survey of 3D object selection techniques for virtual environments , 2013, Comput. Graph..

[27]  Gerald Häubl,et al.  Ineractive 3D presentations and buyer behavior , 2002, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[28]  D. R. Montello,et al.  Spatial knowledge acquisition from direct experience in the environment: Individual differences in the development of metric knowledge and the integration of separately learned places , 2006, Cognitive Psychology.

[29]  Nicholas Sheep Dalton,et al.  Ambient recommendations in the pop-up shop , 2013, UbiComp.

[30]  E. Muth,et al.  A questionnaire for the assessment of the multiple dimensions of motion sickness. , 2001, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[31]  J. H. Gilmore,et al.  Welcome to the experience economy. , 1998, Harvard business review.

[32]  Francoise Beaufays,et al.  Google Search by Voice: A Case Study , 2010 .

[33]  Karin Schweizer,et al.  Spatial Cognition: The Role of Landmark, Route, and Survey Knowledge in Human and Robot Navigation , 1997, GI Jahrestagung.

[34]  Fabian Lim,et al.  Virtual Reality Grocery Shopping Simulator: Development and Usability in Neurological Rehabilitation , 2012, PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments.

[35]  J. B. Brooke,et al.  SUS: A 'Quick and Dirty' Usability Scale , 1996 .

[36]  Jagdish Chandra Patra,et al.  Design of a virtual shopping mall: some observations , 2005, 2005 International Conference on Cyberworlds (CW'05).

[37]  Andrea Sanna,et al.  3D-dvshop: a 3D Dynamic Virtual Shop , 2001, Eurographics Multimedia Workshop.

[38]  Olga De Troyer,et al.  Developing semantic VR-shops for e-Commerce , 2007, Virtual Reality.

[39]  SooJeong Yoo,et al.  Controller-less Interaction Methods for Google Cardboard , 2015, SUI.

[40]  Fabio Nemetz.  The missing link: multimedia and e-commerce , 2000, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[41]  Dadong Wan.  Magic Home: exploiting the duality between the physical and the virtual worlds , 2000, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[42]  Elena Karahanna,et al.  Time Flies When You're Having Fun: Cognitive Absorption and Beliefs About Information Technology Usage , 2000, MIS Q..

[43]  Ming Liu,et al.  A Study of Mobile Sensing Using Smartphones , 2013, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[44]  Mikael B. Skov,et al.  Pervasive Computing in the Supermarket: Designing a Context-Aware Shopping Trolley , 2010, Int. J. Mob. Hum. Comput. Interact..