Effects of Ration Roughage Content on Viscosity and Theoretical Head Losses in Pipe Flow for Beef Cattle Slurry

ABSTRACT IMPROVED methods of beef cattle liquid waste handling are required for efficient, economical, and environmentally sound feeding operations. In all operations, transporting waste to disposal areas or intermediate points for storage and/or processing is necessary. There are several alternatives for trans-porting liquid waste; however, pumping is a convenient and simple method. Designing adequate waste han-dling systems for liquids requires a knowledge of engi-neering concepts and properties inherent to waste ma-terials. Frecks (1972), and Sobel (1966) have identified basic liquid waste properties including total, volatile, and fixed solids, specific gravity, bulk density, particle den-sity, and liquid limit. Kumar (1970) found that manure slurries were non-Newtonian and listed apparent vis-cosities for liquid waste from dairy cattle; however, the effect of particle size and solids concentration on friction loss in pipe flow was not established. Design informa-tion for hydraulic flow in pipes and conduits is, there-fore, inadequate.