Governing education through data: Scotland, England and the European education policy space

This paper draws on interview data from national policy makers in England, Scotland and the European Commission to illustrate differences in the referencing of ‘Europe’ in education policy‐making in England and Scotland in order to highlight the emergent complexity of post‐devolution policy‐making in education through a focus on relations and interactions with Europe, as expressed in the negotiation and development of performance data systems. We suggest that policy‐makers in England reference global influences, rather than Europe, while policy‐makers in Scotland reference Europe in order to project a new positioning of Scotland in closer alignment with Europe. Europeanisation in education thus produces differing policy responses from closely aligned, indeed, in the case of England and Scotland, contiguous policy spaces. Thus the paper seeks to contribute to the literature on ‘travelling’ education policy and its ‘local’ mediation and to connect the development of devolution and the changing policy space ...

[1]  Lois Quam,et al.  The Audit Society: Rituals of Verification , 1998 .

[2]  Johan P. Olsen Gary Marks, Fritz W. Scharpf, Philippe C. Schmitter and Wolfgang Streeck, Governance in the European Union . London, Thousand Oaks, CA. New Dehli: Sage, 1996, x and 182. £12.95 (paperback). , 1996, Journal of Public Policy.

[3]  M. Lawn The ‘Usefulness’ of Learning: the struggle over governance, meaning and the European education space , 2003 .

[4]  Zaki Laidi A World Without Meaning: The Crisis of Meaning in International Politics , 1998 .

[5]  John W. Kingdon Agendas, alternatives, and public policies , 1984 .

[6]  Anto´Nio No´Voa,et al.  Comparative Research in Education: a mode of governance or a historical journey? , 2003 .

[7]  R. Geyer Globalization, Europeanization, Complexity and the Future of Scandinavian Exceptionalism. , 2003 .

[8]  M. Lawn Soft Governance and the Learning Spaces of Europe , 2006 .

[9]  I. Menter,et al.  The Same but Different? Post-Devolution Regulation and Control in Education in Scotland and England , 2007 .

[10]  L. Hooghe,et al.  Multi-Level Governance and European Integration , 2001 .

[11]  John Clarke,et al.  New Managerialism, New Welfare? , 2000 .

[12]  Paolo Dardanelli Between two unions: Europeanisation and Scottish devolution , 2006 .

[13]  Z. Bauman Intimations of postmodernity , 1991 .

[14]  J. Bowden,et al.  Reforming Higher Education in the Nordic Countries , 2005 .

[15]  Alison Gehring Policy and politics , 2007, The journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health.

[16]  Sotiria Grek,et al.  Governing by numbers: the PISA ‘effect’ in Europe , 2009 .

[17]  Theodore M. Porter,et al.  Trust in Numbers , 2020 .

[18]  P. W. Hunter,et al.  The politics of large numbers. A history of statistical reasoning , 2006 .

[19]  S. Ball Education Policy and Social Class: The Selected Works of Stephen J. Ball , 2005 .

[20]  Rainer Eising,et al.  Introduction : Network Governance in the European Union , 1999 .

[21]  J. Ozga,et al.  The RoutledgeFalmer Reader in Education Policy and Politics , 2007 .

[22]  M. Lawn,et al.  A Short History of Europeanizing Education , 2009 .

[23]  D. Raffe Devolution and divergence in education policy , 2005 .

[24]  Great Britain. Foreign Office. The Scottish Education Department , 1956 .

[25]  Alan S. Zuckerman,et al.  Politics and Society , 1998 .

[26]  Sharon Price Bonham,et al.  Education and Employment , 1971 .

[27]  I. Fägerlind,et al.  Reforming higher education in the nordic countries : studies of change in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden , 2004 .

[28]  W. Walters,et al.  Governing Europe: Discourse, Governmentality and European Integration , 2004 .

[29]  A. Desrosières,et al.  The Politics of Large Numbers: A History of Statistical Reasoning , 1999 .

[30]  G. Marks,et al.  Governance in the European Union , 1996 .

[31]  Guy Neave,et al.  The Evaluative State Reconsidered. , 1998 .

[32]  S. Toulson Education in Britain , 1964, Nature.

[33]  Lindsay Paterson,et al.  Politics and society in Scotland , 1996 .

[34]  T. V. Criekinge The EU as an international actor , 2011 .

[35]  T. Popkewitz Educational Knowledge: Changing Relationships between the State, Civil Society, and the Educational Community. SUNY Series, Frontiers in Education. , 2000 .

[36]  Vienna Lecture,et al.  ON THE EUROPEAN UNION , 2010 .

[37]  B. Kohler-Koch,et al.  The Transformation of Governance in the European Union , 2003 .

[38]  M. Lawn,et al.  Constructing a European Policy Space in Educational Governance: The Role of Transnational Policy Actors , 2002 .

[39]  T. Popkewitz,et al.  Educational Governance and Social Inclusion and Exclusion: Some conceptual difficulties and problematics in policy and research1 , 2000 .

[40]  M. Lawn,et al.  National policy brokering and the construction of the European Education Space in England, Sweden, Finland and Scotland , 2009 .

[41]  A. Appadurai Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization , 1996 .

[42]  Jarle Trondal,et al.  How Nation States 'Hit' Europe: Ambiguity and Representation in the European Union , 2003 .

[43]  Anthony Mcgrew,et al.  Global Transformations: Politics, Economics, and Culture , 2000 .

[44]  L. Croxford,et al.  Quality assurance and evaluation (QAE) in Scotland: promoting self‐evaluation within and beyond the country , 2009 .

[45]  Lindsay Paterson The Autonomy of Modern Scotland , 2019 .