Studies in edema. IV. Water retention and the antidiuretic hormone in hepatic and cardiac disease.

Current opinion concerning the impaired output of water in patients suffering from cirrhosis of the liver (1, 2) or from congestive heart failure (3) emphasizes primarily the impaired excretion of sodium with consequent retention of water, and only secondarily tends to implicate the neurohypophysial antidiuretic hormone as a responsible agent (4, 5). The present studies and discussion are meant to explore more fully the physiology of this hormone in these diseases. The relationship of the antidiuretic hormone to the abnormal retention of water in edematous states has been studied in several ways. Thus, following oral hydration with water, impaired water diuresis 5 has been demonstrated in patients with cirrhosis of the liver (4, 6, 7), and a water tolerance test based on this phenomenon has been employed for some years. A subnormal urinary excretion of water following intravenous hydration with 5 per cent glucose in water in some patients with cirrhosis has also been reported (4). Similarly, delayed water diuresis following the

[1]  I. Hanenson,et al.  Studies on intravenous water diuresis and nicotine and pitressin antiduresis in normal subjects and patients with liver disease. , 1953, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[2]  H. Lemon,et al.  Abnormal glycine metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis. , 1952, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[3]  W. Eisenmenger.  Rôle of sodium in the formation and control of ascites in patients with cirrhosis. , 1952, Annals of internal medicine.

[4]  L. Welt,et al.  The effects of pitressin on the metabolism and excretion of water and electrolytes in normal subjects and patients with cirrhosis and ascites. , 1952, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[5]  E. A. Stead.  Edema and dyspnea of heart failure. , 1952, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine.

[6]  Homer W. Smith.  The Kidney: Structure and Function in Health and Disease , 1952 .

[7]  R. D. Squires,et al.  The Distribution of Body Fluids In Congestive Heart Failure: II. Abnormalities in Serum Electrolyte Concentration and in Acid‐Base Equilibrium , 1951, Circulation.

[8]  A. White,et al.  Studies in edema. III. The effect of pitressin on the renal excretion of water and electrolytes in patients with and without liver disease. , 1951, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[9]  G. Burn,et al.  The antidiuretic response to and excretion of pituitary (posterior lobe) extract in man, with reference to the action of nicotine. , 1951, British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy.

[10]  E. P. Ralli,et al.  Studies of the serum and urine constituents in patients with cirrhosis of the liver during water tolerance tests. , 1951, The American journal of medicine.

[11]  G. Miller,et al.  Water and Electrolyte Metabolism in Congestive Heart Failure , 1951, Circulation.

[12]  T. R. Harrison,et al.  The Effect of Posture and of Congestion of the Head on Sodium Excretion in Normal Subjects , 1950, Circulation.

[13]  H. Kunkel,et al.  Electrolyte studies on patients with cirrhosis of the liver. , 1950, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[14]  A. Kattus,et al.  The effects of posterior pituitary extract and smoking on water, sodium and chloride excretion in normal subjects and in patients with congestive cardiac failure. , 1950, Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital.

[15]  E. Massie,et al.  Antidiuretic Action of the Urine of Patients in Cardiac Failure , 1950, Circulation.

[16]  Peters Jp.  Sodium, water and edema. , 1950 .

[17]  J. Lobotsky,et al.  Serum Antidiuretic Substances and Urinary Corticosteroid in The Human , 1950 .

[18]  J. Robson,et al.  FACTORS INFLUENCING ASCITES IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER. , 1945, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[19]  D. Adlersberg,et al.  CHANGES OF THE WATER TOLERANCE TEST IN HEPATIC DISEASE , 1943 .

[20]  J. Peters.  The determination of creatinine and creatine in blood and urine with the photoelectric colorimeter. , 1942 .

[21]  F. Fremont‐Smith.  The Mechanism of Edema Formation , 1932 .

[22]  A. Butler,et al.  AN APPLICATION OF THE URANYL ZINC ACETATE METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF SODIUM IN BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL , 1931 .

[23]  Stanley R. Benedict,et al.  THE DETECTION AND ESTIMATION OF GLUCOSE IN URINE , 1911 .

[24]  H. V. van Dyke.  The regulation of water excretion by the neurohypophysis. , 1953, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine.

[25]  J. D. Rosenbaum,et al.  Production of increased renal sodium excretion by the hypotonic expansion of extracellular fluid volume in recumbent subjects. , 1952, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[26]  A. Leaf,et al.  An antidiuretic mechanism not regulated by extracellular fluid tonicity. , 1952, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[27]  J. P. Peters.  The problem of cardiac edema. , 1952, The American journal of medicine.

[28]  H. V. van Dyke,et al.  The excretion of antidiuretic hormone in the urine of patients with cirrhosis of the liver. , 1950, Transactions of the Association of American Physicians.

[29]  J. Peters.  Sodium, water and edema. , 1950, Journal of the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York.

[30]  Van Dyke Hb,et al.  The excretion of antidiuretic hormone in the urine of patients with cirrhosis of the liver. , 1950 .

[31]  C. L. Fox,et al.  Electrolyte abnormalities in chronic congestive heart failure; effects of administration of potassium and sodium salts. , 1949, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine.

[32]  B. Frame,et al.  Renal excretion of water and antidiuretic substances in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and rats with dietary liver injury. , 1949, Endocrinology.

[33]  D. V. Slyke,et al.  Application of Sendroy's iodometric chloride titration to protein-containing fluids. , 1947, The Journal of biological chemistry.