Kinesin, dynein and neurofilament transport

The recent demonstration that the fast axonal transport motors kinesin and dynein participate in axonal transport of neurofilaments--known to undergo slow transport--supports and extends recent studies indicating that some neurofilaments exhibit alternating bursts of fast axonal transport interspersed with periods of non-motility. In addition, these findings unify both certain aspects of axonal transport and neurofilament biology. We discuss these data herein in the context of both older and more recent studies of neurofilament dynamics.

[1]  Anthony Brown.  Slow axonal transport: stop and go traffic in the axon , 2000, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[2]  N. Hirokawa.  Axonal transport and the cytoskeleton , 1993, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[3]  J. Eyer,et al.  Influence of the phosphorylation state of neurofilament proteins on the interactions between purified filaments in vitro. , 1988, The Biochemical journal.

[4]  J. Glass,et al.  Redistribution of cytoskeletal proteins in mammalian axons disconnected from their cell bodies , 1993, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[5]  R. Nixon,et al.  Multiple fates of newly synthesized neurofilament proteins: evidence for a stationary neurofilament network distributed nonuniformly along axons of retinal ganglion cell neurons , 1986, The Journal of cell biology.

[6]  T B Shea,et al.  Kinesin-mediated transport of neurofilament protein oligomers in growing axons. , 1999, Journal of cell science.

[7]  Sangmook Lee,et al.  Hypophosphorylated neurofilament subunits undergo axonal transport more rapidly than more extensively phosphorylated subunits in situ. , 2000, Cell motility and the cytoskeleton.

[8]  R. Nixon,et al.  Multiple phosphorylated variants of the high molecular mass subunit of neurofilaments in axons of retinal cell neurons: characterization and evidence for their differential association with stationary and moving neurofilaments , 1988, The Journal of cell biology.

[9]  G. Bloom,et al.  Fast axonal transport of kinesin in the rat visual system: functionality of kinesin heavy chain isoforms. , 1995, Molecular biology of the cell.

[10]  Scott T. Brady,et al.  Neurofilaments Are Transported Rapidly But Intermittently in Axons: Implications for Slow Axonal Transport , 2000, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[11]  Veeranna,et al.  Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (Erk1,2) Phosphorylate Lys-Ser-Pro (KSP) Repeats in Neurofilament Proteins NF-H and NF-M , 1998, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[12]  C. Echeverri,et al.  Cytoplasmic Dynein and Dynactin Are Required for the Transport of Microtubules into the Axon , 1998, The Journal of cell biology.

[13]  T. Shea,et al.  C-terminal phosphorylation of the high molecular weight neurofilament subunit correlates with decreased neurofilament axonal transport velocity , 2000, Brain Research.

[14]  T. Shea,et al.  Occam's Razor Slices Through the Mysteries of Neurofilament Axonal Transport: Can it Really be so Simple? , 2000, Traffic.

[15]  P. Janmey,et al.  Bidirectional translocation of neurofilaments along microtubules mediated in part by dynein/dynactin. , 2000, Molecular biology of the cell.

[16]  Robert D. Goldman,et al.  Rapid Movements of Vimentin on Microtubule Tracks: Kinesin-dependent Assembly of Intermediate Filament Networks , 1998, The Journal of cell biology.

[17]  R. Nixon.  Dynamic behavior and organization of cytoskeletal proteins in neurons: reconciling old and new findings , 1998, BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology.

[18]  Jean-Pierre Julien,et al.  Neurofilaments in health and disease. , 1998, Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology.

[19]  S. Brady.  Neurofilaments run sprints not marathons , 2000, Nature Cell Biology.

[20]  R. Nixon,et al.  The Regulation of Neurofilament Protein Dynamics by Phosphorylation: Clues to Neurofibrillary Pathobiology , 1993, Brain pathology.

[21]  Sangmook Lee,et al.  The predominant form in which neurofilament subunits undergo axonal transport varies during axonal initiation, elongation, and maturation. , 2001, Cell motility and the cytoskeleton.

[22]  T B Shea,et al.  Phospho-dependent association of neurofilament proteins with kinesin in situ. , 2000, Cell motility and the cytoskeleton.

[23]  T. Shea,et al.  Neurofilament subunits can undergo axonal transport without incorporation into Triton-insoluble structures. , 1998, Cell motility and the cytoskeleton.

[24]  J. P. Ballantyne,et al.  Recent Advances in Myology , 1977 .

[25]  J. Glass,et al.  Neurofilament redistribution in transected nerves: evidence for bidirectional transport of neurofilaments , 1991, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[26]  R. Nixon,et al.  Differential turnover of phosphate groups on neurofilament subunits in mammalian neurons in vivo. , 1986, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[27]  P. Baas,et al.  The transport properties of axonal microtubules establish their polarity orientation , 1993, The Journal of cell biology.

[28]  J. Griffin,et al.  Phosphorylation‐Dependent Immunoreactivity of Neurofilaments Increases During Axonal Maturation and β,β′‐Iminodipropionitrile Intoxication , 1989 .

[29]  T. Shea,et al.  Neurofilaments Consist of Distinct Populations That Can Be Distinguished by C-Terminal Phosphorylation, Bundling, and Axonal Transport Rate in Growing Axonal Neurites , 2001, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[30]  S. Karki,et al.  Functional Analysis of Dynactin and Cytoplasmic Dynein in Slow Axonal Transport , 1996, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[31]  R. Lasek,et al.  Slow axonal transport mechanisms move neurofilaments relentlessly in mouse optic axons , 1992, The Journal of cell biology.

[32]  G. Gundersen,et al.  Kinesin Is a Candidate for Cross-bridging Microtubules and Intermediate Filaments , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[33]  R. Lasek,et al.  The maximum rate of neurofilament transport in axons: a view of molecular transport mechanisms continuously engaged , 1993, Brain Research.

[34]  B. Helfand,et al.  Fast transport of neurofilament protein along microtubules in squid axoplasm. , 2000, Journal of cell science.

[35]  Anthony Brown,et al.  Slow Axonal Transport of Neurofilament Protein in Cultured Neurons , 1999, The Journal of cell biology.

[36]  J. Glass,et al.  Retrograde transport of radiolabeled cytoskeletal proteins in transected nerves , 1994, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[37]  Lei Wang,et al.  Rapid movement of axonal neurofilaments interrupted by prolonged pauses , 2000, Nature Cell Biology.

[38]  P. Janmey,et al.  Mechanical Effects of Neurofilament Cross-bridges , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[39]  R. Nixon,et al.  The slow axonal transport of cytoskeletal proteins. , 1998, Current opinion in cell biology.

[40]  W. Saxton.  Isolation and analysis of microtubule motor proteins. , 1994, Methods in cell biology.

[41]  T. Shea,et al.  Regulation of neurofilament axonal transport by phosphorylation in optic axons in situ. , 1999, Cell motility and the cytoskeleton.

[42]  Veeranna,et al.  Neuronal Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase‐5 Phosphorylation Sites in Neurofilament Protein (NF‐H) Are Dephosphorylated by Protein Phosphatase 2A , 1995, Journal of neurochemistry.