A wireless, smartphone controlled, battery powered, head mounted light delivery system for optogenetic stimulation

This paper reports the design, fabrication and characterization of a head-mounted, flexible, and ultralight optogenetic system that enables wireless delivery of light into the brains of awake and freely behaving animals. The project is focused on miniaturized design, light weight (2.7g), small volume, low cost (< 25 USD) and simple fabrication. The chip, the substrate material, the battery, and the micro light emitting diode (μLED) are commercially available. The device implementation consists of one step photolithography, soldering, and packaging along with Arduino programming. In vivo study is carried out where the battery-powered μLED stimulates the visual cortex of a rat with parameters that can be controlled wirelessly via a smart-phone user interface application. The efficacy of optical stimulation is validated using c-Fos as a report of light-evoked neuronal activity.

[1]  G. G. Stokes "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[3]  Xue Han,et al.  High-performance genetically targetable optical neural silencing by proton pumps , 2010 .

[4]  Yong-Jun Kim,et al.  An implantable wireless optogenetic stimulation system for peripheral nerve control , 2015, 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).

[5]  R. Wm Thermal Considerations for the Design of an Implanted Cortical Brain–Machine Interface (BMI) -- Indwelling Neural Implants: Strategies for Contending with the In Vivo Environment , 2008 .

[6]  K. L. Montgomery,et al.  Wirelessly powered, fully internal optogenetics for brain, spinal and peripheral circuits in mice , 2015, Nature Methods.

[7]  B. Schobert,et al.  Halorhodopsin is a light-driven chloride pump. , 1982, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[8]  Feng Zhang,et al.  Channelrhodopsin-2 and optical control of excitable cells , 2006, Nature Methods.

[9]  Mark A. Rossi,et al.  A wirelessly controlled implantable LED system for deep brain optogenetic stimulation , 2015, Front. Integr. Neurosci..

[10]  T. Stieglitz,et al.  Characterization of parylene C as an encapsulation material for implanted neural prostheses. , 2010, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[11]  E. Bamberg,et al.  Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated cation-selective membrane channel , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[12]  G. Buzsáki,et al.  Monolithically Integrated μLEDs on Silicon Neural Probes for High-Resolution Optogenetic Studies in Behaving Animals , 2015, Neuron.

[13]  Jae-Woong Jeong,et al.  Preparation and implementation of optofluidic neural probes for in vivo wireless pharmacology and optogenetics , 2017, Nature Protocols.

[14]  Alex Rodriguez,et al.  A wirelessly powered and controlled device for optical neural control of freely-behaving animals , 2011, Journal of neural engineering.

[15]  H. Wachtel,et al.  Pulse microwave effects on nerve vitality. , 1982, Radiation research.

[16]  P. Wolf Thermal Considerations for the Design of an Implanted Cortical Brain–Machine Interface (BMI) , 2008 .

[17]  E. Boyden,et al.  Multiple-Color Optical Activation, Silencing, and Desynchronization of Neural Activity, with Single-Spike Temporal Resolution , 2007, PloS one.

[18]  K. Deisseroth,et al.  Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity , 2005, Nature Neuroscience.