Actinorhodin is a chromosomally-determined antibiotic in Streptomyces coelicolar A3(2).

Streptomyces coelicolar A3(2) synthesizes a second antibiotic, in addition to the plasmid-determined methylenomycin A. It was identified, primarily on the evidence of mass spectroscopy of its diethyl ester, as actinorhodin, which has been described previously in other strains. It inhibited most Gram-positive bacteria tested, but only at a comparatively high concentration. Five independent mutations leading to lack of actinorhodin synthesis were located between cysD and strA on the chromosome.

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