Improved isolation and crystallization of photosystem I for structural analysis

Abstract Stable trimeric Photosystem I (PS I) was isolated from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus by use of stereochemically pure β-dodecylmaltoside. Crystals of extremely pure PS I are grown by dialysis against low salt concentration. The improved PS I crystals were the basis for a PS I model derived from X-ray structure analysis at 4 A resolution (Kraus et al., nat. Struct. Biol. 3 (1996) 965–973; Schubert et al., J. Mol. Biol. 272 (1997) 741–769) and for detailed information on the electron transfer chain elaborated by techniques of magnetic resonance (H. Kas, Thesis, TU-Berlin, 1995; Kamlowski et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1319 (1997) 188–198 and 199–213; Bittl et al., Biochemistry 36 (1997) 12001–12004). Crystallization procedures using micro- and macroseeding are described as basis for the forthcoming structure analysis.

[1]  C. Betzel,et al.  X-ray characterization of single crystals of the reaction center I of water splitting photosynthesis , 1988 .

[2]  P. Fromme,et al.  Structure of Photosystem I at 4.5 Å resolution: A short review including evolutionary aspects , 1996 .

[3]  E. Boekema,et al.  Mono-, di- and trimeric PS I reaction center complexes isolated from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp.: Size, shape and activity , 1990 .

[4]  P. Fromme,et al.  Photosystem I from Synechococcus elongatus: preparation and crystallization of monomers with varying subunit compositions , 1995 .

[5]  M. Schiffer,et al.  Structure of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R‐26 reaction center , 1986, FEBS letters.

[6]  H. Witt.  Primary reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis , 1996 .

[7]  C. Betzel,et al.  Three-dimensional structure of system I of photosynthesis at 6 Å resolution , 1993, Nature.

[8]  M. Heel,et al.  Refined analysis of the trimeric structure of the isolated Photosystem I complex from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. , 1989 .

[9]  L. H. Jensen,et al.  Structure of Peptococcus aerogenes ferredoxin. Refinement at 2 A resolution. , 1976, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[10]  M. van Heel,et al.  Evidence for a trimeric organization of the photosystem I complex from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. , 1987 .

[11]  D. Bryant,et al.  Evidence for a mixed-ligand [4Fe-4S] cluster in the C14D mutant of PsaC. Altered reduction potentials and EPR spectral properties of the FA and FB clusters on rebinding to the P700-FX core. , 1995, Biochemistry.

[12]  R. Herrmann,et al.  Genes encoding eleven subunits of photosystem I from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. , 1993, Gene.

[13]  J. Deisenhofer,et al.  Structure of the protein subunits in the photosynthetic reaction centre of Rhodopseudomonas viridis at 3Å resolution , 1985, Nature.

[14]  S. Itoh,et al.  Electron spin echo of spin-polarised radical pairs in intact and quinone-reconstituted plant photosystem I reaction centers , 1997 .

[15]  D. Bryant,et al.  Modified Ligands to FA and FB in Photosystem I , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[16]  P. Fromme,et al.  Low temperature EPR on Photosystem I single crystals: orientation of the iron–sulfur centers FA and FB , 1997 .

[17]  W. Vermaas.  Evolution of heliobacteria: implications for photosynthetic reaction center complexes. , 1994, Photosynthesis research.

[18]  E. Boekema,et al.  Structural Organization of the Major Subunits in Cyanobacterial Photosystem 1 , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[19]  R. Bittl,et al.  Pulsed EPR Study of Spin-Coupled Radical Pairs in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers: Measurement of the Distance Between and in Photosystem I and between and in Bacterial Reaction Centers , 1997 .

[20]  R. Castenholz.  [3] Culturing methods for cyanobacteria , 1988 .

[21]  P. Fromme,et al.  The structural organization of the PsaC protein in Photosystem I from single crystal EPR and X-ray crystallographic studies. , 1997, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[22]  J Deisenhofer,et al.  Crystallographic refinement at 2.3 A resolution and refined model of the photosynthetic reaction centre from Rhodopseudomonas viridis. , 1989, Journal of molecular biology.

[23]  G. Fritzsch,et al.  Structure of the photosynthetic reaction centre from Rhodobacter sphaeroides at 2.65 A resolution: cofactors and protein-cofactor interactions. , 1994, Structure.

[24]  R. Park.  Advances in photosynthesis , 1962 .

[25]  P. Fromme,et al.  Pulsed EPR structure analysis of photosystem I single crystals: localization of the phylloquinone acceptor. , 1997, Biochemistry.

[26]  H. Scheller,et al.  Nearest-Neighbor Analysis of Higher-Plant Photosystem I Holocomplex , 1996, Plant physiology.

[27]  P. Fromme,et al.  Photosystem I at 4 Å resolution represents the first structural model of a joint photosynthetic reaction centre and core antenna system , 1996, Nature Structural Biology.

[28]  T. Yamaoka,et al.  Photosynthetic activities of a thermophilic blue-green alga , 1978 .

[29]  P. Fromme,et al.  Photosystem I of Synechococcus elongatus at 4 A resolution: comprehensive structure analysis. , 1997, Journal of molecular biology.